车载式三维信息采集系统中多坐标系统转换实现

863课题“近景目标三维测量技术”中,扫描仪极坐标系统如何向当地坐标系统转换是系统急需解决的关键问题之一。课题中涉及到多个坐标系统,本文提出一种多坐标系统转换方法,通过建立起多个坐标系统之间的转换关系,最终实现扫描仪坐标系统向当地坐标系统转换。实验结果表明,转换方法可靠,可满足系统精度要求。     

基于X-Bridge的土地整理项日审批平台建设

本文首先介绍了国家土地开发整理项目管理信息系统的开发背景,接着对系统采用的X-Bridge平台的基本概念和工作原理进行了分析然后针对基于X-Bridge平台建设土地整理项目审批平台的实现原理、技术方法和主要功能进行了详细的阐述。该审批平台是整个国土资源部土地开发整理项目管理信息系统中的重要组成部分,是一个相对独立的系统。最后对平台成果进行了小结,证明了该系统的先进性、稳定性及待完善的工作。     

训练模拟系统中的战场地理环境数据标准研究

训练模拟系统对战场环境数据的要求,在分析战场环境特点的基础上,提出制订战场地理环境数据标准应遵循准确性、逻辑性、稳定性和可扩展性原则,并以此为基础设计了战场地理环境数据标准的三层体系结构,包括基础层、交互层和应用层.根据该体系结构,具体阐述了地理空间数据的分类编码标准、质量控制标准、元数据标准、转换与交互标准及地理空间数据库设计标准的作用、内容、依据,分析了各标准间互相依存与制约的关系.     

Architectures and evolution of arid alluvial fans: Insights from a flume experiment

Using time-lapse cameras and a 3D laser scanner,74 groups of geomorphic data of alluvial fans were obtained through flume experiments. Then a detailed sedimentary analysis based on these data was performed by using a quantitative software to reveal the sedimentary evolution process of the arid alluvial fan and its depositional architecture. Results suggest that there are obvious differences in hydrodynamics,water flow patterns and growth pattern during the evolution of arid alluvial fans. Based on these differences,the experiment is divided into three stages,including an early,middle,and late stage. In the early stage,the fan surface hydrodynamics was relatively strong,and the sheet flow dominated the deposition. According to the distribution of sheet flow deposits,it can be divided into wide-spread sheet flow deposition and local sheet flow deposition. In the middle period of the experiment,the hydrodynamic strength and expansion rate at the middle-distal part of the fan body reduced. The non-confined channel which is close to the source dominated the deposition,and terminal lobe was mainly deposited on the edge of the river channel. In the late stage of the experiment,the hydrodynamic further reduced causing by the large fan surface and confined channels were the main deposits. Through the flume experiment,an arid alluvial fan depositional architecture model with a three-layer structure has been established. The bottom layer is of a sheet flow lobe complex,the middle layer is characterized by unconfined channels and terminal lobes,and the top layer is constituted by stacked confined channels and small terminal lobes.     

豫西登封地区寒武系张夏组中部生物扰动构造及其地质意义

掘穴生物作为生态系统工程的建造者,其对沉积物进行的改造直接影响了沉积物的物理化学性质,进而影响了底栖生态系统。豫西登封地区寒武系苗岭统张夏组中部薄层微晶灰岩中发育大量的生物扰动构造,利用地球生物学、古生物学和生物扰动指数等方法,探讨了生物扰动构造的形成环境及其对沉积物的影响。研究表明,研究区张夏组中部生物扰动构造特征多为扰动边界模糊不清,生物扰动指数（BI）为2 ~ 5,说明该沉积期食物充足,氧气含量高。此外,在生物扰动中识别出3种遗迹化石：Thalassinoides bacae,Planolites isp.和Rhizocorallium isp.,说明生物扰动构造为多种生物造迹形成的。依据寒武系苗岭统张夏组中部的遗迹化石以及沉积特征,可知其整体处于偶尔受到风暴影响的滩间局限台地环境。     

川中地区磨溪气田龙王庙组有利储集相带分布特征

近年来,川中地区磨溪气田龙王庙组气藏的勘探研究逐步受到重视。对沉积环境及沉积相进行研究分析,精确划分其有利储集相带是指导开发的重点。通过测井资料、三维地震资料的分析,综合区域沉积背景,对龙王庙组沉积相进行研究。结果表明,磨溪区块龙王庙组主要为局限台地沉积,包括潟湖、台内滩、云坪等沉积亚相,纵向上主要分为2个沉积旋回,单个旋回由下到上为潟湖、台内滩、云坪,指示水体变浅。台内滩中的滩核微相颗粒云岩纯度高、单体厚度大,孔洞发育程度高,为最有利的储集相带。     

中上扬子地区震旦纪末期古海洋环境研究的若干问题

本文通过调研大量文献,系统梳理了前人关于中上扬子地区震旦纪灯影期古海洋环境特征的研究方法和主要认识,特别是关于古海水的氧化还原条件、古温度和古盐度等3个要素。结果表明,震旦纪灯影组沉积时期,中上扬子地区的古海洋是一个水深较浅、并逐渐趋于氧化的浅海水体环境;古海水温度为7.0 ℃～38.6 ℃,且在灯影组晚期升高,主要为亚热带气候;海水盐度较新元古代早期有降低的趋势,但仍为海相环境,且灯影组二段和灯影组四段时期盐度相对更大。震旦纪灯影组沉积时期的古海洋环境在地质演化历史中具有重要的时空意义,能够为解释当时地球的气候条件和生物演化等方面的重大变化提供依据。现阶段研究中的问题包括：1）缺乏同时期古海洋氧化还原环境的区域对比;2）古海水绝对深度的研究十分薄弱;3）缺乏古海水盐度的直接指示依据。建议开展高分辨率古环境指示参数垂向序列和多剖面横向对比的研究,尝试定量分析氧气浓度随古海水绝对深度的变化规律,探索指示古海水盐度的直接依据。     

Paired δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg records of the Ordovician on the Yangtze platform,South China

During the Ordovician, huge biological revolutions and environmental changes happened in Earth’s history, including the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, global cooling and so on, but the cause of these events remains controversial. Herein, we conducted a paired carbon isotopic analysis of carbonate (δ¹³C_carb) and organic matter (δ¹³C_org) through the Ordovician in the Qiliao section on the Yangtze platform of South China. Our results showed that the δ¹³C_carb trend of the Qiliao section can be correlated with local and global curves. The δ¹³C_org trend seems is less clear than the δ¹³C_carb trend for stratigraphic correlations, but some δ¹³C_org positive excursions in the Middle and Upper Ordovician may be used for correlation studies. These carbon isotopic records may have global significance rather than local significance, revealing several fluctuations to the global carbon cycle during the Ordovician. Several known δ¹³C_carb and δ¹³C_org negative and positive excursions have been recognised in this study, including the early Floian Negative Inorganic Carbon (δ¹³C_carb) Excursion (EFNICE), as well as the early Floian Positive Organic Carbon (δ¹³C_carb) Excursion, the mid-Darriwilian Inorganic Carbon (δ¹³C_carb and δ¹³C_org) Excursion (MDICE), and the early Katian Guttenberg Inorganic Carbon (δ¹³C_carb and δ¹³C_org) Excursion (GICE). These positive excursions and a smooth decline trend of δ¹³C_org values during the early to mid-Floian may imply multiple episodes of enhanced organic carbon burial that began at the early Floian stage, probably resulting in further decline in atmospheric pCO₂ and then global cooling.     

The upper Coniacian to upper Santonian drowned Arabian carbonate platform,the Mardin-Mazidag area,SE Turkey: Sedimentological,stratigraphic, and ichthyofaunal records

A measured stratigraphic section including the upper Coniacian – upper Santonian interval in the Mardin-Mazidag area in Southeastern Turkey lies on the Arabian Platform and documents the drowning of the Arabian platform. The studied succession transgressively overlies the exposed carbonate platform and exhibits a relatively condensed sequence characterized by presence of fish remains, phosphate nodules, oncoids, phosphatic fragments, glauconites and planktonic foraminifera. Calcareous nannofossils attest a late Coniacian to late Santonian age (zones UC11 UC12). Numerous elasmobranch teeth are also present in this pelagic facies, representing mackerel sharks (Squalicorax, Pseudocorax and Scapanorhynchus) and a ray (Ctenopristis). The presence of pelagic facies and phosphate deposits on the drowned platform may indicate a sudden rise of sea level and increase of nutrient due to upwelling currents. The collapse parts of the Arabian carbonate platform occurred earlier than previously reported, starting from late Coniacian-Santonian onwards.     

绝壁悬挑钻探施工平台研制

本文以长江巫峡黄岩窝和板壁岩特大型危岩带勘查水平孔施工为例,探索研究出在无地面支撑基础条件、近似直立的岩石绝壁上建设钻探施工平台的施工方案。采用斜撑和锚拉结构受力体系,通过力学分析和计算,形成了一套较完整的施工工艺,对解决类似的工程施工平台难题具有一定的指导和参考价值。