Macroscopic criteria for Green type porous materials with spheroidal voids: application to double porous materials

Combined effects of matrix plastic compressibility and void shape are investigated for ductile porous materials. To this end, a spheroidal volume containing a confocal spheroidal (prolate or oblate) void subjected to uniform strain rate boundary conditions has been first studied. A Green type matrix is chosen as a prototype for investigating effects of plastic compressibility. This is carried out by using a kinematics limit analysis theory from which a closed‐form expression of the macroscopic criterion is established for the considered class of materials. These results are then extended to ductile porous materials made up of a green matrix containing randomly oriented spheroidal voids. In the framework of a two‐step homogenization procedure, the obtained results are implemented to describe the macroscopic behavior of double porous materials involving spherical voids at the microscale and randomly oriented and distributed spheroidal voids at the mesoscale. For validation purpose, the new derived criteria are assessed and validated by comparing their predictions to available upper bounds and numerical data from literature. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

塔里木盆地北缘兴地断裂构造变形特征

兴地断裂发生在中元古代末期，使中元古巨厚的沉积岩发生了强烈褶皱和隆起，并伴有大量岩浆侵入和区域变质作用。在兴地断裂形成的同时，发生了第一期构造变形，其特点以韧性变形为主，由三个变形幕构成，形成了本区主要构造骨架；晚元古代本区进入晋宁期发展阶段，团结的塔里木地台基底局部裂开，形成一系列近东西向的断陷盆地，发生了第二期变形，形成以塑性变形为主的板劈理和千枚理为其特征。该期变形结束了塔里木基底发展，进入了稳定盖层沉积发展阶段；进入早古生代，兴地断裂控制了该时期的沉积作用，之后发生第三期变形，以脆性变形为主，形成一系列碎裂岩和脆性变形组构，使兴地断裂形成几十米乃至上百米宽的破碎带，从而改造了早期的糜棱岩；至中、新生代，兴地断裂再次活动，形成断裂两侧南升北降的扭动形迹。通过对兴地断裂的深入探讨，笔者认为：该断裂具有线性特征明显，活动时间漫长，构造变形复杂，是塔里木盆地北缘规模巨大的复活大断裂。     

储层毛细管压力曲线在东海油气储量计算中的应用

本文阐述了利用储层毛细管压力曲线计算含油炮和度的方法,该方法在东海油气储量计算中取得良好的结果。     

论"单位涌水量就是导水系数"

单位涌水量是井抽水水位降深换算为1 m时的单井出水量;导水系数是含水层宽度为1 m时,地下水水力坡度为1时的单宽流量.二者之间从定义上看毫无关系,但它们的单位(m3/d·m)(m2/d)是相同的.笔者经过多年探讨和初步试验后发现,单位涌水量就是管井抽水所利用含水层的导水系数.     

Energy demands for seismic design against low‐cycle fatigue

A seismic design procedure that does not take into account the maximum and cumulative plastic deformation demands that a structure is likely to undergo during severe ground motion could lead to unsatisfactory performance. In spite of this, current design procedures do not take into account explicitly the effect of low‐cycle fatigue. Based on the high correlation that exists between the strength reduction factor and the energy demand in earthquake‐resistant structures, simple procedures can be formulated to estimate the cumulative plastic deformation demands for design purposes. Several issues should be addressed during the use of plastic energy within a practical performance‐based seismic design methodology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Earthquake‐resistant structural design through energy demand and capacity

An energy‐based earthquake‐resistant structural design method is proposed. The proposed method uses specific input energy spectra, modal or time‐history analyses, and energy distribution among structural members. For a given member strength and stiffness, a relationship between the energy attributable to damage absorbed by a member and its cumulative ductility demand can be determined. Member strength, stiffness and energy capacity are design parameters which are simultaneously used in the design. The method can avoid soft‐storey design. The damage is measured based on a cumulative basis considering earthquake magnitude, frequency, and duration. Tests have been carried out to determine energy absorbing capacities of various structural components. More efforts are needed to make the energy‐based earthquake‐resistant structural design practical, but ssimple formulations for this method are possible. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

粉喷桩单桩承载力与龄期的关系研究

以100余根粉喷桩单桩载荷试验和水泥土强度试验资料为基础，运用桩与土变形的弹塑性计算模型和复合地基理论，分析了同一场区不同龄期单桩承载力的关系，探讨了桩侧极限摩阻力与桩土发生塑性变形大小的关系，得了14d与28d龄期单桩承载力二者的经验公式，该公式经试验验证具有实用价值，为缩短粉喷桩的试桩周期提供了一种简单的计算方法。     

远区重力数据对扰动位径向二阶梯度的影响

提出了利用地面重力异常数据计算地面扰动位径向二阶梯度时，远距离带区影响的误差公式，结果以级数形式给出，以其数学模型为基础，利用全球重力位模型GPM98，计算确定了不同平均异常网格大小情况下截断半径取一系列值时的远区影响，在将卫星重力梯度和航空重力梯度观测数据与地面重力数据进行联合处理时，文中提出了远区影响的数量关系，对于确定合理的截断半径大小具有一定的参考价值。     

北疆棉区棉花膜下滴灌蒸散规律研究

通过对膜下灌溉技术下蒸散观测数据的分析，初步确定了棉花在整个生育期的蒸散量为500-600mm。在此基础上，分析了膜下灌溉技术对棉花产质量的影响。