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551.
中国西部山地发展的一般模式——以天山巴音布鲁克地区为例 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
中国西部山区是我国的水源地及生态屏障,它们的合理开发与保护是西部大开发的基本内容。研究归纳出山地发展的“巴音布鲁克模式”:(1)天鹅及其生境的绝对保护(核心);(2)建立可持续牧业(主体);(3)规范和发展旅游业(突破口);(4)西蒙古土尔扈特传统文化的保护(文化多样性)。中国西部山区的发展模式都可以概括为一个核心(自然保护)三个圈层(与当地主要土地资源相适应的主导产业,与当地特有资源相联系的新兴产业,当地民族文化保护)。这种模式能够充分体现生态优先的思想,同时考虑到促进地区新老经济及文化的发展与保护,符合西部大开发的方针。 相似文献
552.
云南松根系对土壤牵引效应测试系统的设计与实现 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
目前在野外对云南松根系与土壤的机械效庆的研究,由于测试研究受多种因数的影响,开展研究困难较大,研究精度也受到一定程度的影响,这对较深入的描述根系与土壤相互作用的机械效应带来一定的困难。本文基于这一实际,设计了能在室内和野外进行实时测试分析的测试系统,并配套了支持PCMCIA插槽的DAQP-12型模数转换(A/D)卡,以及直流电供电的QT-300型调理装置。结合所配套的硬件,利用Visual C在Windows95/98平台编写了软件,经过实际试验测试,系统各项性能能够满足云南松根系对土壤的机械效应研究的测试分析要求。 相似文献
553.
改进的灰色模型在中国能源消费及其CO2排放预测中的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
中国高速的经济发展导致了快速的能源消费和地球温暖化气体的排放量。本文应用灰色理论建立了中国的终端能源消费量的动态预测模型,同时应用等维递补及带有马尔科夫链符号估计的残差修正,对原始模型进行了改进。后验检验的结果证明了改进的预测模型具有较高的计算精度。预测结果表明,两种经济发展情况(高速及低速)下,从2000年到2030年期间的终端能源消费量的平均增长率将分别达到3.06%和2.18%,2030年CO2 的排放量将分别达到2000年的 2. 15及 1.60倍。其中工业及居民生活的能源消费量的增加速度快于其他部门。这表明了中国将要加快其工业化及都市化的进程.终端消费中,煤炭的消费量所占的比例将要逐年减少,而电力的比例则将逐年增大。 相似文献
554.
山岳型旅游区人文建筑环境后效与调控模型 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
许多山岳型旅游区内或其流域上游,都建有人文建筑,而且在急剧增多,导致自然环境日趋恶化,其中乱建疗养院和旅馆的影响最为严重。通过地监测并全面分析张家界环境演变趋势,发现住宿施对环境的影响,比其他游乐设施更为明显。张家界国家森林公园生态环境的脆弱因子是金鞭溪水质。金鞭溪水质恶化主要表现为蓝藻,绿藻迅速繁殖,感官质量下降。主要原因是磷污染较重,总磷年均值100%超标。本文提出了基于环境脆弱因子的动态阈值调控模型,通过计算得出:在不超出张家界景区最为脆弱的环境因子-金鞭溪水质标准:总磷≤0.02前提下,金鞭溪上游接待区住宿设施生态阈值的动态系列:春季临界床位数为1186,夏季为3057,冬季为545,秋季为333。目前的建筑规模已超过了金鞭溪上游接待区住宿设施生态阈值。 相似文献
555.
556.
The groundwater table has been declining at a rate of 0.65 m/yr in Luancheng County since large scale groundwater extraction
carried out in the 1960s. The drop of precipitation, substantial increase in agricultural output, variations of crop planting
structure and construction of water conservancy projects in the headwater area all tie up with the decline of the groundwater
table. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions and the water resources utilization of Luancheng County, a
three-dimensional groundwater flow model was developed to simulate the county’s groundwater flow through finite-difference
method using Visual Modflow software. We divide the research field into four parts after analyzing the hydrogeological condition.
Based on parameter calibration and adjustment using measured data, the hydraulic conductivity and specific yield were simulated.
Using the calibrated model, we analyze the agricultural water saving potentiality and its influence on the groundwater. The
results are as follows: (1) if we decrease the amount of water extracted by 0.14xl08 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.33 m; (2) if we decrease the water
by 0.29x 108m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.64 m; and (3) if we increase the
water by 0.29 x 108m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will decline by 0.45 m. So we can draw a conclusion
that controlling the agricultural water use is an important way to prevent the decline of groundwater table. 相似文献
557.
Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental
water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item and unification of groundwater’s
economic, environmental and ecological functions were taken into account. Based on eco-environmental water demand at Da’an
in Jilin province, a three-dimensional simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems was established. All
water balance components of groundwater systems in 1998 and 1999 were simulated with this model and the best optimal exploitation
scheme of groundwater systems in 2000 was determined, so that groundwater resource was efficiently utilized and good economic,
ecologic and social benefits were obtained. 相似文献
558.
Rebecca J. Kent 《The Geographical journal》2002,168(1):48-56
The soil conservation campaigns that have been a prominent feature of Jamaican agricultural policy since the 1950s are frequently presented as having failed to ameliorate the problem of soil erosion in hillside agriculture. A case study of a small farming community in the Blue Mountains explores the development of the soil conservation practices currently employed by farmers. The use of trash barriers in carrot farming is described and the origins of this technology and its subsequent adaptation are considered. The study concludes that extension interventions and government policy have influenced the development of current soil conservation practices; practices which have their roots in indigenous techniques. Other factors such as the adaptation of trash barriers to suit local conditions and their importance in soil fertility management also play a role in their widespread use in the study area. The study demonstrates that to understand the process of technical change in farming communities, it is necessary to consider a range of factors, external and internal, technical and social, that have over time influenced farmers' decision making. 相似文献
559.
Implicit in all spatial mismatch models is the concept of accessibility. However, there is an immense variety of measures utilized in the literature to index the concept, and it is not clear how much of the disparity in findings between studies is attributable to alternative measures. This research note attempts to provide some evidence on the impact of alternative measures of accessibility in employment probability models. 相似文献
560.
Douglas Deur 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(2):140-157
The indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America are widely believed to have been true “hunter‐fisher‐gatherers,” lacking plant cultivation of any kind. This depiction of the region's indigenous inhabitants emerged within early colonial accounts and was perpetuated within the literatures of geography, anthropology, and archaeology. Still, there is ample evidence of plant cultivation available from archival, archaeological, and ethnographic sources. In particular, the peoples of coastal British Columbia created large gardens of edible estuarine plants, using sophisticated indigenous technologies. The oversight of these practices in written representations of the region reveals consistent patterns of bias, emanating from the agendas of colonial agents and early academics alike. In turn, this bias has undermined aboriginal traditions of cultivation and indigenous land claims. 相似文献