基于GIS的市政管网管理系统构建与实例

首先介绍了地下管线规划管理的现状与需求,提出研究的背景和目标,然后通过系统总体的分析与设计,确定系统建设的原则与架构。在此基础上,结合研究区域进行系统的功能设计与研制,建立了市政管网数据库,实现了系统管理与维护功能、各专业管线子系统管理功能等。本系统可为研究区域市政管网的规划、设计与管理提供可靠的支持。     

黄土连拱隧道动态施工围岩损伤局部化研究

为了研究黄土连拱隧道动态施工时围岩的损伤情况和损伤分布规律,在室内试验的基础上推导了Q2黄土的弹塑性损伤本构模型,并基于FLAC3D平台编制了自定义本构模型,提出了损伤度概念并编制了损伤度后处理模块。以国内首条高速公路黄土连拱隧道-离石隧道为依托工程,对两种开挖方案施工时围岩损伤情况进行数值分析。研究表明,该成果可以较好地掌握隧道每一开挖步后围岩损伤度的分布情况和损伤区的演化规律,为施工方案优化选择提供依据。该研究成果为地下工程支护参数优化和方案的选择开辟了一个新的方向。     

Braiding process and bank erosion in the Brahmaputra River

The present work explores relations between stream power,braiding intensities and bank erosion in certain stretches of the Brahmaputra River.In this paper,an objective approach is presented to enable quantitative assessment of spatio-temporal behaviour of channel braiding process of the Brahmaputra River by using the Plan Form Index and corresponding estimation of stream power to establish a behavioural pattern of variability of potential energy expenditure.The braiding index is compared for discrete years to understand the morphological behaviour.Subsequently,a real time estimation of stream power for certain stretches of Brahmaputra River is done in order to analyse its variability in braiding intensity and bank erosion.The paper presents the dynamic behaviour of the channel pattern of the Brahmaputra River System in Assam valley of India over a time span of 18 years.The procedure addresses the selection of input parameters from digital satellite images,comprising scenes for the years 1990,1997 and 2007 with specific dates,from Dhubri near Indo-Bangladesh Border to Upper Assam.Deployment of GIS technique has been made to extract the required parameters to derive Plan Form Indices for the entire study reach.Stream power estimation is done for corresponding latest floods and for corresponding dates of image scenes.The study indicated that due to consistent aggradation of riverbed inducing temporal declination of stream power,there is an occurrence of wide spread braiding.This in turn incurs substantial yearly land loss due to bank erosion,caused by flow concentrations due to temporal evolution of multiple channels in the Brahmaputra River.     

东海油气地质特征与开发方案研究

本义以东海陆架盆地地质调查和勘探开发的实际资料为依据,阐明了东海海底地形、地貌及地质特征;强调了近年来在石油地质学理论研究中的重要突破及石油勘探中的重要进展。文章分析了东海地层分布及其含油气规律;重点解剖了西湖凹陷及台北坳陷的油气资源富集特征;探讨了东海油气田早期开发利用方案;并指出了其开发的巨大经济价值和良好的前景。     

西安地区区域地壳稳定性评价

本文依据“七五”期间对西安地区进行区域地壳稳定性与地质灾害评价和研究工作所取得的地质、物探、测量、模拟实验等方面的成果资料,考虑到内、外动力地质作用及介质条件,运用模糊数学方法进行了稳定性评价与区划,将西安地区地壳稳定性划分为较稳定、次较稳定、次较不稳定、较不稳定、不稳定五级。在此基础上,对西安地区主要城市的建设与发展规划提出了指导性的建议。     

Many roads to Paris: Explaining urban climate action in 885 European cities

Research on urban climate action has identified a broad range of potential factors explaining why and how local governments decide to tackle climate change. However, empirical evidence linking such factors in order to explain actual urban climate action has so far been mixed. To address this roadblock, our paper relies on a novel approach, postulating that different configurations of factors may lead to the same outcome (“equifinality”), through a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). It is based on an available data set of local climate mitigation plans in 885 European cities. We find that urban climate action is systematically associated with four qualitatively different configurations of factors, each with its own consistent narrative (“networker cities”, “green cities”, “lighthouse cities”, “fundraising cities”). Crucially, some factors play a positive role in some configurations, a negative in others, and no role in further configurations (e.g., whether a city is located in a country with supportive national climate policies). This confirms that there is no single explanation for urban climate action. Achieving greater robustness in empirical research about urban climate action may thus require a shift, both conceptual and methodological, to the interactions between factors, allowing for different explanations in different contexts.     

国土空间总体规划温室气体核算模型

城市的低碳发展对于应对气候变化及实现我国“碳达峰、碳中和”目标起着至关重要的作用。在新的国土空间规划体系下,国土空间总体规划对城市的低碳发展影响重大。为解决现有的城市温室气体核算中存在的问题,使总体规划促进城市低碳发展,构建了国土空间总体规划温室气体核算模型。该模型基于“空间布局—用地类型—部门划分—模型方法”的框架,采用自上而下与自下而上相结合的方法,与国土空间规划要素紧密结合;建立了市域和中心城区两个层次的碳排放核算方法,并解决了中心城区的碳排放核算问题,可进行国际间比较;解决了总体规划能源预测不完善的问题,提出了不同的核算方法供灵活选择,与完全基于用地类型的方法相比,降低了不确定性。最后基于模型提出了评估总体规划低碳发展水平的核心指标与参考指标。     

架空输电线路测量平断面图转换PLS-CADD格式实现及工程应用

介绍了PLS-CADD软件中测量平断面图模型及由PowerTL软件格式转换为PLS-CADD软件格式的实现方法,为测量专业人员使用PLS-CADD软件和开发相应的转换接口提供参考,同时结合具体的国外输电线路工程应用,强调了在应用中需要注意的问题,对自主软件与PLS-CADD接口的转换结合发挥最佳的工程效用进行了有益的探索。     

基础地理信息生僻字系统的设计与实现

我国基础地理信息的数据成果中,存在大量的常规字库中未收录的生僻字地名。已有生僻字解决方案存在收录不全、编码不统一、录入困难等弊端,严重影响了生僻字地名的显示、查询和制图输出。本文简要介绍了一套集成了统一编码、矢量设计、检索录入等方法和技术特点的解决方案,并在国家基础地理信息生产和建库中得以验证和应用。     

单频GPS接收机用于变形监测的精度研究

研究了单频GPS接收机用于变形监测的可行性,提出了单频GPS接收机在一定范围内能否达到亚厘米级的变形监测精度,实现了设计的试验方案.