上海地块的地质属性及其地震活动特征

本文根据上海地块的地质演化历史,确认它为外来地体,中生代早中期才汇聚于中国大陆东部。中生代晚期,成为福建—岭南隆起带的一部分,其中局部发育了晚侏罗、白垩纪的断陷盆地,新生代随该隆起带全面下沉,接受沉积。上海地块的地震活动以“频率高、强度低”为特征,地震往往发生在不同方向断裂的交汇处,上海地块上的断裂以 NEE 向和 NNW 向的两组为主,前者具剪切滑移性,后者具压扭性,根据各处发育的断裂规模和地震密度不同,可将上海及其邻区地震划分为四个小区。在一些区内可发生5级以上的较强地震,这是值得人们重视的。     

Learning with Geographical Sensitivity: Place-Based Education and Its Praxis

This study presents pragmatic evidence to make learning a geographical process. It investigates how place-based education (PBE) can deepen the sense of place and vice versa. The study first reviews the meaning of PBE and continues with an ontological discussion of place. As place is theorized, learning practices in the course Sustainable Urban Development and Hong Kong are outlined. The submissions of students are analyzed, and selected reflections are presented to interface with the ontological construct of place. We examine how PBE can enrich student awareness of place and in what way student appreciations of place can add values to the geographical reasoning on sustainability- and urbanism-related topics. Results show that site selection is important and place in PBE is both real and imagined. Heritage conservation and place revitalization are potential reflective topics to design a PBE-based teaching praxis.     

Identifying population vulnerable to hydrological hazards in San Juan, Puerto Rico

The hazards of place framework developed by Cutter (1996) has been applied to several areas across the United States. This article tests the applicability of that model for analysis of hydrological disasters in the municipio of San Juan, Puerto Rico. San Juan is chosen because it combines many socioeconomic attributes of a developing area while offering data availability befitting its status as a US commonwealth. The interoperability of principal components and arithmetically based methods for producing a social vulnerability layer are examined. For both methods, a basket of commonly cited demographic variables representing social and economic vulnerability is extracted from Census 2000 sample (SF-3) data at the census block-group level of analysis. These results provide insight on the strengths and weaknesses of the methods both methodologically and regarding policy implementation. A look at the neighborhood of La Perla suggests complex local positive and negative effects of local processes on vulnerability not captured by demographic analysis. These effects relate to possible census undercounts in peripheral areas and uncaptured coping ability provided by social networks.     

Pilgrimage tourism in the Holy Land: The behavioural characteristics of Christian pilgrims

The purpose of this paper is to describe, characterise and analyse the behavioural characteristics of Christian pilgrims to holy sites in the Holy Land at the present time. The method of research used in this study was based on one hundred questionnaires, which the pilgrims themselves were asked to complete. The conclusion is that a scale exists upon which the tourist-behavioural features characterising present-day Christian pilgrims can be rated. This scale covers their world-view which ranks the importance of holy sites and the pilgrims' lack of interest in tourism per se. It was found that behavioural factors are related to the pilgrims' perception of holy sites in general and those in Israel in particular. The scale can be described as secularism versus sacredness and tourism versus pilgrimage. The typology is important because it allows us to classify and create other typologies and also to analyse the subject for practical purposes. Additionally, the survey highlights the increasing convergence of old-fashioned pilgrimage and tourism, which have much in common.     

Talking whilst walking: a geographical archaeology of knowledge

This paper explores how understandings of the knowledge and lives of individuals can be gained through making geographical context more explicit within qualitative research methods. The paper will focus on 'conversations in place'. More particularly, it will suggest that conversations held whilst walking through a place have the potential to generate a collage of collaborative knowledge. Drawing on the work of Casey, the paper builds upon the notion of the 'constitutive co-ingredience' of place and human identity, and, through using documentary and empirical examples, will argue that 'talking whilst walking' can harness place as an active trigger to prompt knowledge recollection and production.     

制图综合中基于中心地思想的线状要素自动取舍算法研究

地图综合的重点是地理要素选取与图形概括。地理要素选取的关键在于多属性指标的综合考虑。本文在引入中心地概念的基础上,比较了中心地与地理要素的相似之处,尝试将其应用到制图综合中,结合主成分分析方法,对地理要素的多个指标综合考虑,提出了基于中心地思想和主成分分析的线状地理要素地图综合自动取舍的算法,并通过实例验证了该算法。     

地学专题图地理底图的编绘

地理底图是地学图件的重要组成部分,编绘地理底图的目的是为地学专题图提供地理基础和骨架,它起着定向和定位作用,对图件的完整性,对比性和表现力均具重要意义。本文结合作者多年的编图实践,概述了小比例尺地学图常规制图方法,如地理底图的编绘和设计,地图投影和地图投影的转绘,编图资料,地理内容的选取,地图符合及注记,制图工艺,英文版地图地名译名原则等。