地应变震兆异常信息提取方法研究

分析了怀来台体积应变观测资料的特点,研究了体积应变观测资料的气压干扰、仪器漂移的剔除方法和预处理后的资料分析方法,在分析中发现,振幅因子和非潮汐应变速率在1996年以来,在首都圈地区中西部发生的中强地震前,均有大小不同、持续时间不等的异常,这些参数可作为怀来地震台今后地震分析和地震中短期预测的指标。     

抽水对银川台伸缩仪观测资料干扰的探讨与分析

通过对银川台伸缩仪观测资料的综合对比分析,系统地论述了抽水对银川台伸缩仪观测资料的干扰机制,并提出了消除干扰的方法。     

中国西部强震活动与武都应变变化关系分析

武都RZB-Ⅱ型钻孔式压容应变仪自1992年投入观测以来,至今已多次记录完整的地震波形。选取了1993年以来的中国西部地区所发生的几次7级以上强震,通过对震前武都应变资料的分析后发现这几次地震前武都应变资料均存在着显著的中、短临异常变化;并对出现前兆异常的机理进行了初步分析。     

层滑构造煤岩体微观特征及其应力应变分析

层滑构造在煤层及其顶、底板间普遍发育,它对地质勘探、煤矿生产、矿井工程灾害防治以及煤层气的开发等方面都有着重要影响。本文以淮北煤田海孜煤矿为例,在研究宏观层滑构造带组合特征的基础上,探讨了层滑构造的微观特征和形成机理。构造煤是层滑引起的煤层流变最显著的特征之一。通过对构造煤与构造岩的微观特征测试,发现层滑运动除了产生脆性变形外,还产生较强烈的塑性变形。利用煤镜质组光率体各向异性和构造岩组构,结合层滑构造的实测数据进行了煤岩体应力、有限应变分析。结果表明:层滑构造以顺层剪切为主,煤层受力的主要方向为NW-SE向。     

Role of piles in mitigating the movement of pipes in soft grounds during embankment loading

Abstract

Pipes buried in soft ground can be damaged due to the vertical and lateral movement of the ground during the construction of the embankment. To investigate such a movement of the soft ground, full-scale tests using embankment piles and stabilizing piles were conducted for 70?days. A pile-supported embankment has been used to reduce the deformation of soft ground by transferring the embankment load through piles to the firm layer below the soft ground, whereas stabilizing piles have been employed to resist the lateral earth pressure that is induced in soft ground by embankment loads. The Coupling Area (CA), which was defined as the quantitative index to determine the resistance effect of both settlement and lateral flow of the soft ground when the embankment was reinforced, is adapted. The analysis results of the CA indicate that the piled embankment was more effective for preventing the damage to buried pipe installed near the embankment, while the stabilizing piles had almost the same effect as the piled embankment when the pipe was buried far away from the embankment.     

Experimental Evaluation of Leaching Effects on the Compressibility of Marine Clay and its Strain Rate Dependency

This study investigated how leaching affects compressibility behavior of marine clay and its strain rate dependency based on laboratory tests using three pairs of specimens. Each pair of specimens consisted of leached and unleached samples with identical geotechnical properties except soil salinity. The behavior characteristics of the leached and unleached specimens were evaluated using several series of constant rate-of-strain (CRS) tests with differing strain rates. The results revealed that the compressibility of leached clay increased as its salinity decreased. However, void ratio, Atterberg limits, and preconsolidation pressure in leached samples were lower than those in unleached clay. The increased compressibility and decreased preconsolidation pressure may be induced from a weakening of the interparticle bonds in the leached soil skeleton. The CRS test results with differing strain rates revealed that higher strain rates corresponded with higher levels of effective stress and higher apparent preconsolidation pressure in both leached and unleached clays.     

差应变法地应力测量——以汶川地震断裂带科学钻探WFSD-1钻孔为例

岩心差应变分析法是汶川地震断层科学钻探(WFSD)项目地应力测量的主要手段之一, 该技术通过高压容器对取之于钻孔不同深度的实验样品施加围压, 观察先前由于失去地层应力而膨胀产生的裂纹重新闭合, 并通过裂纹闭合过程差应变曲线分析, 确定主应力大小和方向。WFSD-1孔12个岩心样品的DSA测试结果表明:断层上下盘的应力状态有明显差异, 区域地应力不仅随深度增加, 还与地质结构和岩石的物理性质等因素有关。      

深埋顶管顶力理论计算与实测分析

针对管幕预筑法中深埋顶管顶力进行理论和实测分析。顶管顶力与垂直土压力密切相关。参照隧道开挖中垂直土压力的计算方法,常用的垂直土压力计算理论有：普氏理论和太沙基理论。在详细分析了这两种垂直土压力计算理论的适用性和缺陷之后,结合普氏理论和太沙基理论,提出了改进的垂直土压力计算理论公式,并编写MATLAB程序计算改进理论公式的数值解。改进理论既考虑了土拱效应,又考虑了拱下土体的挟持力,更符合实际土体变形情况。将普氏理论、太沙基理论和改进的理论应用于沈阳地铁新乐遗址站管幕预筑法顶管工程中,计算不同深度的两根大埋深管道顶力,并把计算与实测结果进行比较,发现普氏理论和太沙基理论计算结果都远大于实测值,改进理论计算结果稍大于实测值,更适合于深埋顶管顶力估算。     

概率性分析在黄土场地动力沉降评价中的应用

天然黄土动残余应变研究主要依赖室内动三轴试验,如何将有限室内试验数据合理地应用于场地动力沉降的定量评价,是岩土地震工程领域中研究涉足尚少的重要科学问题。应用概率统计与蒙特卡洛模拟等非确定性分析方法,借助综合考虑固结应力、结构强度、空间体积特性和地震动荷载等动残余应变关键影响参量的估算模型,提出有效弱化土体物性参量不确定性（离散性与随机性）的场地动力沉降概率性评价的思路与方法。应用结果显示,利用该方法得出的场地动力沉降的概率分布特征,能够反映天然黄土动残余应变的基本认知特点,对明晰地震作用下天然黄土场地精细动力沉降特性以及据此采用适当合理的地基处理方法,具有理论意义与实用价值。     

软基路堤拓宽静压PHC管桩挤土效应现场试验

PHC（prestressed high-strength concrete）管桩近年来被广泛应用。PHC管桩为挤土沉桩模式,沉桩过程引起的挤土效应对周围环境产生不利影响并对其可打性和承载特性有重要影响。结合广－清（广州至清远）高速公路扩建工程,通过现场监测超静孔隙水压力和土体水平位移,进行PHC管桩挤土效应研究。水平位移利用固定式测斜仪测量,孔隙水压力使用振弦式孔压计测量,并使用自动系统进行数据采集。研究发现,沉桩过程中引起的超静孔隙水压力变化随深度增加近似呈线性增长,水平方向随距离的增加而减小;挤土效应产生的土体水平位移随距离的增大而减小,随深度增加而减小;挤土效应滞后现象明显,可导致成桩后的桩体倾斜;拓宽地基场地上管桩施工对老路地基影响小,场地条件对沉桩挤土效应影响大,老路路堤对垂直于路基方向的水平位移有约束作用。