An examination of the validation of a model of the hydro/thermo/mechanical behaviour of engineered clay barriers

This paper focuses attention on the development of a numerical model of the hydro/thermo/mechanical behaviour of unsaturated clay and its consequent verification and validation. The work presented describes on-going collaboration between the Cardiff School of Engineering and Atomic Energy of Canada. The model development, which was carried out at Cardiff, can be described as being based on a mechanistic approach to coupled heat, moisture and air flow. This is then linked to a deformation analysis of the material within a ‘consolidation’ type of model. The whole is solved via the finite element method to yield a computer software code named COMPASS (COde for Modelling PArtly Saturated Soil). Some aspects of verification and validation of the model have been addressed in-house. However, the purpose of current AECL work is to provide an independent, rigorous, structured programme of validation and the paper will also explore the further validation of COMPASS within this context. © 1998 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿床50号岩管地质特征及找矿预测

以辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿床50号岩管为例,系统分析了该矿床的地质特征。通过对斑状富金云母金伯利岩、含围岩角砾斑状金伯利岩和金伯利凝灰角砾岩进行岩石地球化学分析发现: 碳酸盐化金伯利凝灰角砾岩超基性成分较少,滑石化、蛇纹石化及碳酸盐化混合金伯利凝灰角砾岩超基性成分较多; 铬、镍、钛在金伯利凝灰角砾岩中的含量较低,在含围岩角砾斑状金云母金伯利岩中的含量略高,在斑状富金云母金伯利岩和斑状金伯利岩中的含量最高。该矿床主要为含围岩角砾斑状金伯利岩和斑状富金云母金伯利岩,其次为金伯利凝灰角砾岩、含围岩角砾斑状金云母金伯利岩和含金伯利物质角砾岩。含铬镁铝榴石、铬铁矿和碳硅石是金刚石的伴生矿物。水平方向上,金伯利岩含矿品位西部较富,东部较贫; 垂直方向上,金伯利岩含矿品位变化较小。通过三维建模,推测50号岩管不是根部相,而是受EW向推覆构造作用影响发生的断层错位,在其东侧600 m深处存在50-1号金伯利岩体。     

不同类型洞体应变仪的观测差异性分析

运用SPSS中聚类及PCA方法对湖北省7个台站三类基线(石英管、铟钢棒、铟钢管)洞体应变观测记录进行相关统计分析,归纳总结其潮汐参数变化特征差异,并针对观测中自然环境因素影响进行定量分析。结果显示:(1)三类基线中,铟钢棒类M2波潮汐因子、中误差及M1波相对噪声水平较低,铟钢棒管年均漂移量最小;(2)自然环境因素(气压、降水、雷雨、温度)对湖北地区洞体应变观测影响较为显著,等量气压影响下应变量最小的为铟钢管型,等量温度影响下应变量最小的为铟钢棒型。     

2019年6月17日长宁MS6.0地震前地震活动和水位的加卸载响应比异常研究

加卸载响应比（LURR）方法是通过固体潮加卸载过程中的某一物理参数的响应差异探查区域应力场演化。本文将这一方法应用于2019年6月17日四川长宁M_S6.0地震,根据LURR时序演化探查震源区介质的应力状态变化,提取可能的震前异常信息。首先采用贝尼奥夫应变作为响应量计算LURR,通过固体潮在地震断层面的最优滑动方向上引起的库仑破坏应力变化来判断加载还是卸载,结果显示LURR值自2018年年初开始快速增加并在2018年年中达到峰值,此后异常持续至地震。在此基础上对该地区的大地形变和地下井水位资料进行了LURR分析,发现水富水平摆倾斜仪的东西和南北分量在LURR出现异常的同期发生明显偏转,而地震周边的地下井水位高值变化过程与长宁地震也有较好的对应关系。研究表明在长宁地震发生前,存在地震活动和地下水位的LURR异常,且异常时间与水富倾斜同步,暗示震源区介质存在明显的应力积累过程。     

重复循环荷载作用下原状黄土动力特性试验研究

为探究重复循环荷载作用下含水率、固结压力对原状黄土动力特性、变形性状的影响规律,利用英国GDS双向动态三轴试验系统模拟交通荷载,对海东地区原状黄土进行动三轴试验研究。试验结果表明：单一重复循环动荷载作用下,在加载初期,海东地区原状黄土的轴向动应变随着循环次数的增大急剧增加,后期缓慢增加至趋于稳定,即发生应变硬化现象。在加载初期,含水率、固结压力对原状黄土的轴向动应变无明显影响,当循环次数N>400时,原状黄土的轴向动应变随含水率的升高而增加,随固结压力的增大而减小。动剪切模量随循环次数的增加出现先减小后增加再减小的变化,随含水率的升高有较大幅度的降低。动阻尼比随循环次数的增加先增加后减小,随含水率的升高而增大。表明海东地区原状黄土所具有的大孔隙架空结构使其在重复循环荷载作用下易发生振动变形。     

2018年9月8日云南墨江5.9级地震预测回顾与资料论证

通过分析墨江5.9级地震前预测意见和预测资料,认为云南地区M≥5.5地震平静异常突出,M≥5.0地震连续间隔时间达200天以上,通海2次5.0级地震震级偏小是震前地震活动异常的显著特征;通海地震的指示意义、前兆异常M≥5.7地震中期和M≥5.0地震短临综合预测指标是判断地震短期可能性的主要依据;1900年以来,通海50km范围内M≥5.0地震后云南地区发生M≥5.0地震优势对应关系和GNSS表征的区域面应变变化特征为地点判定提供了线索。墨江5.9级地震的预测经验及资料的论证丰富了对地震孕育复杂性的认识,为震例积累了新的资料。     

循环荷载作用下红黏土累积变形研究

通过GDS动三轴设备对赣南红黏土进行了一系列排水条件下的大次数循环试验,研究不同循环应力比、固结应力比及围压对赣南红黏土累积变形特性的影响。结果表明：在不同固结应力比、固结压力和循环应力比条件下,红黏土的累积应变都呈现出先迅速累积,后增长变缓,最终稳定的趋势;在一定的循环次数之后,不同初始固结应力和不同初始应力比条件下累积应变与循环次数之间的变形规律呈现为线性关系,且初始固结应力和初始固结应力比越小,其线性相关性越好;不同循环应力比下赣南红黏土的平均累积应变速率与循环次数之间也呈现出明显的线性关系。此外,基于以上关系建立了赣南红黏土在长期循环荷载作用下的累积变形预测模型,并通过对比验证了该模型的可行性。     

A Review of the Calculation Formula for the Four-component Borehole Strainmeter and Application to Earthquake Cases

Based on the principle formula for the four-component strainmeters, we can directly obtain the specific plane strain, shear strain and azimuthal angle of the principal strain, and the maximum and minimum principal strains calculated afterwards are the indirect result. The problems of practicality of the sensitivity coefficients A and B of plane strain and shear strain are then discussed. Based on this idea, we analyzed the observation data of several four-component borehole strainmeters near the epicenter of the Yiliang M_S5.7 earthquake in 2012 and the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake in 2014 in the Zhaotong area, Yunnan Province. The results show that the analysis based on the perspective of plane strain and shear strain has an obviously better effect than that based on the component readings, and can directly peel off the respective abnormality of the plane strain and shear strain. In addition, the correlation coefficient curves between measured data of two plane strains show significant anomalies which often occur several days before and during the earthquake.