顶管技术在水位自记台建设中的应用与分析

对现行水位自记设备、顶管技术、所用设备、施工步骤进行概述;对顶管技术在浮子式水位自记台建设中的应用缘由、可行性、建设实例及施工注意事项进行了详细阐述,并与传统开挖法进行优缺点对比分析。通过何口水文站自记水位台建设实例验证,不仅说明应用该技术是可行的,而且缩短了施工工期,节约了建设资金。     

The recognition of former melt flux through high‐strain zones

High‐strain zones are potential pathways of melt migration through the crust. However, the identification of melt‐present high‐strain deformation is commonly limited to cases where the interpreted volume of melt “frozen” within the high‐strain zone is high (>10%). In this contribution, we examine high‐strain zones in the Pembroke Granulite, an otherwise low‐strain outcrop of volcanic arc lower crust exposed in Fiordland, New Zealand. These high‐strain zones display compositional layering, flaser‐shaped mineral grains, and closely spaced foliation planes indicative of high‐strain deformation. Asymmetric leucosome surrounding peritectic garnet grains suggest deformation was synchronous with minor amounts of in situ partial melting. High‐strain zones lack typical mylonite microstructures and instead display typical equilibrium microstructures, such as straight grain boundaries, 120° triple junctions, and subhedral grain shapes. We identify five key microstructures indicative of the former presence of melt within the high‐strain zones: (a) small dihedral angles of interstitial phases; (b) elongate interstitial grains; (c) small aggregates of quartz grains with xenomorphic plagioclase grains connected in three dimensions; (d) fine‐grained, K‐feldspar bearing, multiphase aggregates with or without augite rims; and (e) mm‐ to cm‐scale felsic dykelets. Preservation of key microstructures indicates that deformation ceased as conditions crossed the solidus, breaking the positive feedback loop between deformation and the presence of melt. We propose that microstructures indicative of the former presence of melt, such as the five identified above, may be used as a tool for recognising rocks formed during melt‐present high‐strain deformation where low (<5%) volumes of leucosome are “frozen” within the high‐strain zone.     

The role of heterogeneous strain in the development and preservation of a polymetamorphic record in high-P granulites, western Canadian Shield

Mafic rocks in the Chipman domain of the Athabasca granulite terrane, western Canadian Shield, provide the first well‐documented record of two distinct high‐P granulite facies events in the same domain in this region. Textural relations and the results of petrological modelling (NCFMASHT system) of mafic granulites are interpreted in terms of a three‐stage tectonometamorphic history. Stage 1 involved development of the assemblage Grt + Cpx + Qtz ± Pl (M₁) from a primary Opx‐bearing igneous precursor at conditions of 1.3 GPa, 850–900 °C. Field and microstructural observations suggest that M₁ developed synchronously with an early S₁ gneissic fabric. Stage 2 is characterized by heterogeneous deformation (D₂) and synkinematic partial retrogression of the peak assemblage to an amphibole‐bearing assemblage (M₂). Stage 3 involved a third phase of deformation and a return to granulite facies conditions marked by the prograde breakdown of amphibole (Amph₂) to produce matrix garnet (Grt_3a) and the coronitic assemblage Cpx_3b + Opx_3b + Ilm_3b + Pl_3b (M_3b) at 1.0 GPa, 800–900 °C. M₁ and M_3b are correlated with 2.55 and 1.9 Ga metamorphic generations of zircon, respectively, which were dated in a separate study. Heterogeneous strain played a crucial role in both the development and preservation of these rare examples of multiple granulite facies events within single samples. Without this fortuitous set of circumstances, the apparent reaction history could have incorrectly led to an interpretation involving a single‐cycle high‐grade event. The detailed P–T–t–D history constructed for these rocks provides the best evidence to date that much of the east Lake Athabasca region experienced long‐term lower crustal residence from 2.55 to 1.9 Ga, and thus the region represents a rare window into the reactivation and ultimate stabilization processes of cratonic lithosphere.     

非开挖顶杆—扩孔铺管技术中顶杆力的确定

论述了非开挖顶杆—扩孔铺管施工技术中顶杆力的计算方法,并成功地应用这一理论指导了工程实践。     

考虑土拱效应的管棚合理间距计算方法

管棚作为隧道安全穿越不良地质地段的超前支护结构,依靠土拱效应发挥其支护作用,管棚间距与成拱效应密切相关。通过引入合理拱轴线,并考虑侧向土压力的影响,结合管棚间土拱破坏条件给出了管棚合理间距的计算方法,通过凤咀江隧道工程实例和离散元对比分析,验证了计算方法的合理性。进一步分析了管棚间距随管棚所处位置的变化规律以及管棚直径、土体参数等对管棚间距的影响规律。结果表明：当侧向土压力系数较小时,拱腰至边墙处管棚间距可适当调大;当侧向土压力系数较大时,拱顶至拱腰处管棚间距应适当减小。管棚间距随管棚直径和土体黏聚力的增加而线性增加,且与土体内摩擦角数呈正相关关系,随内摩擦角增大,对管棚间距的影响也越来越大。     

混凝土徐变对抗滑桩结构的影响分析

混凝土徐变作用能够增大桩身弯曲变形,占用设计冗余。增大受拉侧混凝土裂缝宽度,降低结构耐久性。由于抗滑桩嵌固段属于隐蔽工程,无法及时发现此类问题,故将会对防治工程造成安全隐患。本文采用在抗滑桩埋设应变计,定期监测桩身应变数值的方法,研究了悬臂式抗滑桩在成桩后至一定时期内的实际受力变形情况。特别是对工程运行初期混凝土徐变作用下的桩身变形情况,进行了分析与总结,最后提出了抗滑桩设计时注意事项。     

钻杆接头材料35CrMo硫氮复合处理层的干摩擦学性能研究

应用离子渗氮与离子渗硫技术,在钻杆接头材料35CrMo钢表面制备了硫氮复合处理层。采用M-200环块磨损试验机,对比研究了原始渗氮表面与硫氮复合表面在干摩擦条件下的抗磨损性能。结果表明,在干摩擦的条件下,由于摩擦副的接触表面缺乏润滑,硬度较高的渗氮层会加剧接触表面的磨损。而硫氮复合处理层由于在表面存在一层硫化亚铁固体润滑层,在磨损过程中可以起到一定的润滑作用,因此其在干摩擦条件下具备更好的抗磨损性能。     

岩石有限应变测量的莫尔圆图解网法

通常进行的应变测量需经过繁杂的数学计算或莫尔圆作图才能获得应变结果。本文介绍了笔者新设计的莫尔圆图解网及其使用方法。它可以快速准确地作出莫尔圆,进而求得应变结果,也可用于求解应力莫尔圆问题。     

造山带的网结状构造样式

网结状构造样式是造山带地壳结构的一个重要特征,表现为线状强应变带与夹持其间的透镜状弱应变域规律组合格式。这种网结状型式在几何学上具有尺度不变性,并具三维特征,理论分析和实际观察指出,这种网结状构造样式,是在应变软化作用及变形分解作用控制下递进发育而成的,而造山带地壳结构的不均一性、组成造山带岩石的流变学特征以及变形物理环境,又是控制应变软化及变形分解作用的主要因素。     

固结过程对冻土应力-应变特性的影响

选用四种不同固结方式,并在－５０℃条件下,对冻结砂土样进行三轴压缩试验,试验发现固结过程对冻土的强度与变表有明显影响。经历Ｋ０ＤＣＦ的冻土其强度最大,友坏变形最小,经历ＦＣ的试样强度最小,破坏变形最大;经历ＥＤＣＦ和ＥＵＤＣＦ的产介于中间。