一种高精度超大仪器高的测量方案设计

针对中国散裂中子源（CSNS）隧道内装置区永久点采用常规GPS三脚架观测模式中对中整平和仪器高量取精度差等问题,提出了一种高精度的仪器对中和超大仪器高的测量方案。该方案设计可微调的屋顶支架、目标半球垂准镜,实现了仪器的稳固安置和精确对中;改造GPS天线头支架适于放置目标球,以便采用激光跟踪仪获取高精度的超大仪器高;最后通过激光跟踪仪对隧道内6个装置区永久点重复两次测量,并与钢尺测量结果进行比较。结果表明,该方案可实现高30 m内仪器0.5 mm的对中精度和0.2 mm的量高精度,避免了卷尺测量尺长受拉伸影响的缺点,有效解决了CSNS装置永久点的精密对中和超大仪器高的获取,也为同类点位的对中和仪器高测量提供了借鉴和参考。     

人工影响降雨再分配初步探讨

采用统计方法和数值模拟方法探讨人工影响后降水再分配和对局地降雨影响的可能性,统计结果表明：人工降雨影响了降水的自然分砷,在作业点下风方出现了二个影响区：一个是增雨区（出现在作业点下风方１５～５０ｋｍ）另一个是减雨区（出现在作业点下风方９０～１５０ｋｍ）数值模拟结果表明,人工催化影响降水演变过程,而且改变了降水的分布,通过人为有意识的影响,有可能达到调控降水,减弱局地降雨的目的。     

The Great Dun Fell Experiment 1995: an overview

During March and April of 1995 a major international field project was conducted at the UMIST field station site on Great Dun Fell in Cumbria, Northern England. The hill cap cloud which frequently envelopes this site was used as a natural flow through reactor to examine the sensitivity of the cloud microphysics to the aerosol entering the cloud and also to investigate the effects of the cloud in changing the aerosol size distribution, chemical composition and associated optical properties. To investigate these processes, detailed measurements of the cloud water chemistry (including the chemistry of sulphur compounds, organic and inorganic oxidised nitrogen and ammonia), cloud microphysics and properties of the aerosol and trace gas concentrations upwind and downwind of the cap cloud were undertaken. It was found that the cloud droplet number was generally strongly correlated to aerosol number concentration, with up to 2000 activated droplets cm⁻³ being observed in the most polluted conditions. In such conditions it was inferred that hygroscopic organic compounds were important in the activation process. Often, the size distribution of the aerosol was substantially modified by the cloud processing, largely due to the aqueous phase oxidation of S(IV) to sulphate by hydrogen peroxide, but also through the uptake and fixing of gas phase nitric acid as nitrate, increasing the calculated optical scattering of the aerosol substantially (by up to 24%). New particle formation was also observed in the ultrafine aerosol mode (at about 5 nm) downwind of the cap cloud, particularly in conditions of low total aerosol surface area and in the presence of ammonia and HCl gases. This was seen to occur at night as well as during the day via a mechanism which is not yet understood. The implications of these results for parameterising aerosol growth in Global Climate Models are explored.     

Energy‐compatible and spectrum‐compatible (ECSC) ground motion simulation using wavelet packets

A stochastic ground‐motion simulation and modification technique is developed to generate energy‐compatible and spectrum‐compatible (ECSC) synthetic motions through wavelet packet characterization and modification in both frequency and time domains. The ECSC method significantly advances traditional spectral matching approaches, because it generates ground motions that not only match the target spectral accelerations, but also match Arias intensity build‐up and significant durations. The great similarity between the ECSC simulated motions and the actual recorded motions is demonstrated through one‐to‐one comparison of a variety of intensity measures. Extensive numerical simulations were also performed to validate the performance of the ECSC ground motions through nonlinear analyses of elasto‐plastic oscillators. The ECSC method can be easily implemented in the generalized conditional intensity measure framework by directly simulating a set of motions following a targeted distribution of multiple intensity measures. Therefore, the ECSC method has great potential to be used in performance‐based earthquake design and analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用倾斜摄影测量和几何造型方法的城市实景三维建模

近年来,数字城市在实景三维模型的基础上得到了广泛研究与应用。但是,传统三维建模手段难以满足现代数字城市更快速、更真实、更准确、更大规模的数据生产要求。本文以江苏省淮安市蒋坝古镇为例,开展快速构建城市精细化三维模型的研究,基于低空无人机倾斜摄影测量技术构建城市实景三维模型,利用几何造型方法对实景三维模型进行精细化加工。结果表明,采取的方案满足实景三维模型的应用需要,适合城市三维模型快速构建,对大规模三维模型数据生产具有一定的参考价值。     

一种修改建筑物底部DEM和DLG的实用方法

三维快速建模在实现三维数字城市建设进程中起着举足轻重的作用。针对JX-4G数字摄影测量系统测得的数字高程模型（DEM）和数字线划图（DLG）,提出一种改进的方法,主要对建筑物底部的DEM和道路DEM处存在的不匹配问题进行修改,并对DLG数据中建筑物高度信息的缺失进行改进。改进后的DEM和数字正射影像图（DOM）能生成更高精度的数字表面模型（DSM）,为高效率、高精度地建立三维数字城市模型奠定基础。     

内蒙古人工影响天气业务技术系统的建设与应用

人工影响天气业务是涉及气象、航空等多领域多部门的一项综合性业务,依据此项业务的流程设计开发了内蒙古自治区级人工影响天气业务技术系统。该业务技术系统以1:25万地理信息为基础,包括综合监测、预报平台、决策平台、实时监控、效果评估和信息管理六部分。能够实现人影相关的观测资料显示、作业条件分析、航线设计、增雨飞机动态实时监控、效益评估及生成各种信息报表等功能,已经投入业务应用且在内蒙古自治区内推广应用。     

硅烷偶联剂改性氢氧化镁的研究进展

氢氧化镁是一种重要的无卤阻燃剂,为了改善其阻燃效率低、与高分子材料相容性差等缺点,通常需要使用阻燃添加剂对其进行特殊处理,使之具备更好的阻燃性能。主要介绍了氢氧化镁作为阻燃剂的特性及其阻燃机理;硅烷偶联剂的结构特点及改性氢氧化镁的方法和机理;影响改性的因素以及改性效果的测评方法,并对硅烷偶联剂改性氢氧化镁的研究进展进行了概述。     

市、县级人工影响天气轨道业务流程的研究

为推动气象业务技术体制改革,适应市、县级人工影响天气轨道建设,发挥市级指挥决策水平较高的优势,以提高作业指令的传达速度,减轻县级人影作业指挥的工作量,提出市级指挥中心直接指挥炮点作业等项新的市、县级人影轨道业务流程。该流程利用雷达指挥作业,使用GPRS技术传输作业指令,提高了地面增雨、防雹作业的科学性,保证了下达指令的实效和准确性,分工明确,减少了指挥环节,同时也加强了市级人影工作的管理功能。     

CO_2改性水玻璃砂的热强度、高温强度和发气性

研究了CO2改性水玻璃砂的热强度、高温强度和发气性,结果表明,随着粘结剂加入量的增加,热强度、高温强度和发气性增大;粘结剂种类不同,型砂的热强度、高温强度和发气性不同;其中,l#改性树脂改性水玻璃18#的热强度、高温强度均比普通水玻璃高,发气量则小于普通水玻璃;用扫描电镜分别观察了普通和改性水玻璃砂在加热温度为600℃、800℃、1000℃、1200℃时的高温炉内折断断口,解释了改性水玻璃砂比普通水玻璃砂高温强度高的原因。