大直径钻孔灌注桩桩身倾斜数值模拟分析研究

本文验证了有限差分法模型模拟大直径钻孔灌注桩的可靠性。在此基础上对某工程灌注桩底部分桩身发生倾斜的情况进行了FLAC3D模拟,分析了其承载力及稳定性的变化,从而得出在一定倾斜范围内,桩的承载力及稳定性变化不会对工程实际产生太大的影响。     

新型抗滑结构围桩-土的耦合效应分析

在引入围桩-土耦合式抗滑结构的基础上建立数值分析模型;通过分析该抗滑结构中围桩-土的应力、应变分布规律,详细探讨围桩-土整个结构的耦合效应特征。进一步开展模型试验,测试并分析围桩前、后土压力和桩身弯矩分布特征,论证了围桩-土耦合式抗滑结构的作用机制。最后,分析了桩后距离、不同深度及不同土体强度参数对土拱效应的影响。得到：（1）围桩与桩内土体耦合呈现出4种应力拱形态：紧邻围桩后为扩肩型拱、围桩间双曲线型拱、围桩间凸向桩外的抛物线型拱、围桩间凸向桩内的抛物线型拱;（2）相邻围桩采用约4倍桩径间距、正六边形布置并顶部用圈梁固结、锚固一定深度可形成一种耦合式抗滑结构。该结论对于该新型抗滑结构的推广应用具有一定的指导意义。     

典型土-岩复合边坡抗滑桩内力分析与设计方法

边坡工程中的土-岩复合边坡是一种典型的边坡类型,其主要特点是土岩分界面常常成为边坡的潜在滑动面。本文以典型土-岩复合边坡抗滑桩工程为背景,对传统的传递系数法计算边坡下滑推力进行了改进,桩前土体抗力采用弹性抗力计算,并引入双参数法,建立了抗滑桩内力挠曲微分方程,探讨了不同类型的抗滑桩(刚性桩、弹性桩)位移和内力计算方法,为有效地解决土-岩复合边坡抗滑桩内力计算问题提供了新途径。据此采用VC编制了面向对象、集设计、分析计算以及绘图于一体的计算机辅助设计系统,显著提高了计算速度和计算精度,实现了抗滑桩的优化设计,并成功地应用于典型土-岩复合边坡工程,对类似工程实践具有参考价值。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FALL VELOCITY OF NON-UNIFORM SEDIMENT IN FLOWING WATER

I INTRODUCTIONThe settlement of particles in fluid has been studied in many fields such as hydraulics, metallurgy andchemistry since the middle of 19 century because of its great importance. Although the settlement ofsingle particle and group settling velocity of uniform particles in still water are relatively well-studied, yetthe settlement of non-uniform particles in flowing water lacks understanding. For instance, Cunningham(1910), Richardson (1954) and Batchelor (1972), have obtained…     

Inelastic seismic behavior of soil–pile raft–structure system under bi-directional ground motion

Performance based design of structure requires a reasonably accurate prediction of displacement or ductility demand. Generally, displacement demand of structure is estimated assuming fixity at base and considering base motion in one direction. In reality, ground motions occur in two orthogonal directions simultaneously resulting in bidirectional interaction in inelastic range, and soil–structure interaction (SSI) may change structural response too. Present study is an attempt to develop insight on the influence of bi-directional interaction and soil–pile raft–structure interaction for predicting the inelastic response of soil–pile raft–structure system in a more reasonably accurate manner. A recently developed hysteresis model capable to simulate biaxial interaction between deformations in two principal directions of any structural member under two orthogonal components of ground motion has been used. This study primarily shows that a considerable change may occur in inelastic demand of structures due to the combined effect of such phenomena.     

Spatial–temporal variability in water quality and macro-invertebrate assemblages in the Upper Mara River basin,Kenya

Tropical rivers display profound temporal and spatial heterogeneity in terms of environmental conditions. This aspect needs to be considered when designing a monitoring program for water quality in rivers. Therefore, the physico-chemical composition and the nutrient loading of the Upper Mara River and its two main tributaries, the Amala and Nyangores were monitored. Initial daily, and later a weekly monitoring schedule for 4 months spanning through the wet and dry seasons was adopted. Benthic macro-invertebrates were also collected during the initial sampling to be used as indicators of water quality. The aim of the current study was to investigate the physico-chemical status and biological integrity of the Upper Mara River basin. This was achieved by examining trends in nutrient concentrations and analyzing the structure, diversity and abundance of benthic macro-invertebrates in relation to varying land use patterns. Sampling sites were selected based on catchment land use and the level of human disturbance, and using historical records of previous water quality studies. River water pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, and turbidity were determined in situ. All investigated parameters except iron and manganese had concentration values within allowable limits according to Kenyan and international standards for drinking water. The Amala tributary is more mineralized and also shows higher levels of pH and EC than water from the Nyangores tributary. The latter, however, has a higher variability in both the total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations. The variability in TP and TN concentrations increases downstream for both tributaries and is more pronounced for TN than for TP. Macro-invertebrate assemblages responded to the changes in land use and water quality in terms of community composition and diversity. The study recommends detailed continuous monitoring of the water quality at shorter time intervals and to identify key macro-invertebrate taxa that can be used to monitor changes of the water quality in rivers of the Mara basin as a result of anthropogenic changes.     

2000年以来广东省经济极化时空演变

选择崔-王指数、变异系数和空间自相关等3种方法,以地级市为基本评价单元,对2000年以来广东省的经济极化的时空演变进行了分析。研究表明：（1）广东省经济极化程度呈上升趋势;（2）2000以来,广东省极化现象明显,但是经济总量的极化现象大于人均经济总量;（3）广东省人均GDP和GDP的Moran＇s I均为正值且呈现增大趋势,经济空间集聚程度呈增大趋势,但是人均GDP的空间集聚程度大于GDP;（4）从局部空间自相关关系来看,广东省经济极化格局2000年以来处于稳定状态。     

卫星数据和地面观测结合的珠三角地区颗粒物质量浓度统计估算方法

利用卫星观测的气溶胶光学厚度资料和模式模拟数据,与地面颗粒物观测资料结合,探讨近地面颗粒物质量浓度的估算方法。具体包括：利用区域气侯模式RAMS（Regional Atmospheric Modeling System）模拟的边界层高度对气溶胶光学厚度进行垂直订正,获得近地面颗粒物消光系数;利用模式模拟的相对湿度和颗粒物吸湿增长经验模型对消光系数进行湿度订正,获得近地面颗粒物干消光系数;并基于干消光系数与颗粒物质量浓度地面站点资料建立的统计关系估算获得每个像元的颗粒物质量浓度。利用地面站点观测的颗粒物浓度资料验证表明,基于卫星资料可以获得近地面颗粒物质量浓度,而且细颗粒物质量浓度具有更好的估算精度。     

Calculation method for thickness of discontinuous boundary layer of engineering pavement

The boundary layer is a buffer layer of water and heat exchange between the atmosphere and permafrost.Based on the atmospheric boundary layer and heat transfer theory,we established a method for determining the boundary layer thickness of engineering pavement(asphalt and sand pavement)in permafrost region.The boundary layer can be divided into the Boundary Layer Above Surface(BLAS)and the Boundary Layer Below Surface(BLBS).From in-situ monitoring data,the thickness of BLAS was determined through the laminar thickness,and the thickness of BLBS was determined through ground temperature,the heat conduction function,and the mean attenuation function(α).For asphalt pavement,the BLAS thickness varied between 2.90 and 4.31 mm and that of BLBS varied between 28.00 and 45.38 cm.For sand pavement,the BLAS thickness varied between 2.55 and 3.29 mm and that of BLBS varied between 15.00 and 46.44 cm.The thickness varied with freezing and thawing processes.The boundary layer calculation method described in this paper can provide a relatively stable boundary for temperature field analysis.     

安徽省空间运输联系初探——以货流为例

文章通过对安徽省20世纪90年代以来各城市货运量变动情况的分析,运用地域非均衡系数、位势商及地理联系率指标,总结得出近十五年来安徽省货流运输联系的基本特征及其时空演化趋势。自1990年以来,安徽省货流运输能力显著增强、运输结构不断优化、货运强度和货物生成密度持续下降,地区间运输联系逐步加强。在时间序列上,货运量分布表现出均衡化趋势,地域分布非均衡系数不断减小,同时,货运量分布区域位势高低悬殊,而且各城市的波动比较明显。在空间演化方面,货运量分布与生产地分离的趋势已经显现。