水分胁迫对燕麦生理指标的影响

通过在燕麦拔节期到穗期设置6种不同浇水量试验,研究了水分胁迫对燕麦根冠比、叶片过氧化氢酶活性、叶片脯氨酸含量、叶片丙二醛含量、叶片组织水势等生理生化指标的影响。结果表明随着水分胁迫的加剧根冠比增加,过氧化氢酶活性、脯氨酸及丙二醛含量呈增加趋势,植物组织水势呈下降趋势。根据燕麦生理指标与水分胁迫的关系,在生产上可用生理生化方法进行燕麦品种抗旱性鉴定,可为农业生产提供参考依据。      

沙埋对河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带一年生草本植物的影响

一年生草本植物是荒漠绿洲过渡带入工固沙植物群落草本层的优势植物类群,由于风沙活动剧烈,风蚀和沙埋成为一年生草本植物生存的关键选择动力因素.以河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带典型一年生草本植物狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、虎尾草(Chloris virgata)、白茎盐生草(Halogeton arachnoideus...     

腕式多功能无线生理指标测量仪的设计与实现

针对单体便携医疗装置功能单一、无网络通信功能的缺陷开发了腕式多功能无线生理指标测量仪。采用高性能低功耗微控制器,集成设计并实现了体温、血压、脉搏、心电、血糖等医学常用生理指标实时采集和测试功能,并通过蓝牙将测量数据及时传送给网络监护平台,完成对病人远程监护。对血压、脉搏、体温等生理指标进行测试,与单体医疗设备的测试结果进行比较,证明测试结果在正常范围内。血糖识别颜色与试纸测试结果一致。整体设计达到预期目标。     

混合盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿苗期氮磷吸收及生理特性的影响

以“甘农3号”紫花苜蓿为试验材料,采用营养液沙培试验,用两种中性盐(NaCl和Na₂SO₄)及两种碱性盐(NaHCO₃和Na₂CO₃), 配成5种混合盐A(NaCl:Na₂SO₄=1:1)、B(NaCl:NaHCO₃=1:1)、C(NaCl:Na₂SO₄:NaHCO₃:Na₂CO₃=1:1:1:1)、D(Na₂SO₄:Na₂CO₃=1:1)、E(NaHCO₃:Na₂CO₃=1:1),设4个盐浓度(25、50、100、150 mmol·L^-1)模拟盐胁迫,研究混合盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿苗期氮、磷吸收及生理特性的影响。结果表明:随着盐浓度增加,苜蓿根瘤固氮酶活性和植株全氮含量下降,全磷含量无明显变化,而脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均升高,同一盐浓度水平下各处理间其含量的升高顺序为E>D>C>B>A,在高胁迫强度下(150 mmol·L^-1) 除全磷含量外,各项指标增减均达显著水平。混合盐碱胁迫能够对紫花苜蓿根瘤固氮酶组分结构造成不可逆的破坏,使苜蓿自身固氮能力的下降,最终导致植株全氮含量下降。随着盐浓度的上升,植株可以通过提高其体内脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量来维持细胞水势,减少细胞渗透胁迫对植物的伤害。     

Effects of sand burial on dune plants: a review

Burial of different growth stages of plants （e.g., adult plants, seedlings and seeds） is frequent in dune ecosystems. The soil micro-environment, which differs from surface conditions, influences the survival and growth of dune plants. To sum up knowledge about the survival mechanisms of plants under sand burial and to promote practical rehabilitation of dune vegetation, we reviewed relevant published literature and concluded that： （1） Focus in recent years has been on impacts of sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence. Generally, shallow burial increased seed germination and seedling emergence, but deeper burial was negative. Buried at the same depth, large seeds showed higher germination and seedling emergence rates, attributed to larger energy reserves. （2） Survival, growth and reproduction rates of dune plants show plasticity in response to sand burial. Long-term deep burial is fatal because it creates a physical barrier which overcomes the vertical growth of plants, reduces photosynthetic leaf area, and limits oxygen availability to roots. Modest burial, on the other hand, is advantageous for growth and reproduction of many dune plants, due to protection from excessive temperature and drought. （3） There are few reports concerning effects of sand burial on plant physiology, but a limited number of studies indicate that partial burial increases water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rates. The antioxidant protective enzyme system and osmolyte balance were reported to be involved in the mechanisms of dune plant resistance to burial.     

Growth, metabolism and physiological response of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka during periods of inactivity

The growth, metabolism and physiological response of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, were investigated during periods of inactivity. The body weight, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), activities of acidic phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and content of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the body wall and coelomic fluid of A. japonicus were measured during starvation, experimental aestivation and aestivation. The results showed that the body weight of sea cucumber in the three treatments decreased significantly during the experimental period (P < 0.05). The OCR of sea cucumber reduced in starvation and experimental aestivation treatments, but increased gradually in natural aestivation treatment. The activities of ACP and AKP of sea cucumber decreased gradually in all treatments, whereas those of SOD and CAT as well as Hsp70 content decreased in the starvation and experimental aestivation treatments and increased in natural aestivation treatment. The sea cucumber entered a state of aestivation at 24℃. To some extent, the animals in experimental aestivation were different from those in natural aestivation in metabolism and physiological response. These findings suggested that the aestivation mechanism of A. japonicus is complex and may not be attributed to the elevated temperature only.     

Na+在植物中的有益作用

 长期以来,人们普遍认为Na＋是造成植物盐害的主要因素。因此,目前对Na＋的研究主要集中在其对植物盐害方面。然而,近年来许多研究表明,虽然高浓度的Na＋对植物有害,但植物的生长也的确需要一定量的Na＋,低浓度的Na＋对植物的生长不仅没有危害,相反还有利于植物的生长。作者从Na＋对植物生长的刺激作用、Na＋对K＋的替代作用、Na＋在植物代谢以及植物抗逆中的生理功能几个方面概述了Na＋在植物生长过程中有益作用。为进一步研究低浓度的Na+在植物生长过程中的生理作用提供参考。     

水分胁迫下马铃薯SnRK2基因的表达模式与生理响应

以 “大西洋”和“陇薯3号”两个品种盆栽苗为试验材料,研究了水分胁迫下马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）StSnRK2基因家族的表达特征及其与植株生理指标变化的相关性。结果表明：在发生严重水分胁迫时,“陇薯3号”和“大西洋”的抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、相对电导率和脯氨酸含量均较对照显著提高,但增长幅度在品种间存在差异;StSnRK2基因家族的8个成员的相对表达量在“大西洋”和“陇薯3号”之间也存在明显差异,StSnRK2.1、StSnRK2.2和StSnRK2.3在两个品种中均表现为水分胁迫后相对表达量显著高于对照的趋势;StSnRK2.7的相对表达量与对照无显著差异,而StSnRK2.4在“陇薯3号”的相对表达量是对照的9.5倍,是8个基因成员在受水分胁迫后相对表达量最高的一个基因;StSnRK2.1、StSnRK2.2、StSnRK2.3、StSnRK2.4和StSnRK2.6的相对表达量均与部分生理指标呈极显著正相关,StSnRK2.5和StSnRK2.8两个基因的相对表达量与部分生理指标呈极显著负相关,StSnRK2.7基因的相对表达量与生理指标无显著相关性。     

Hexavalent chromium: Toxicity and impact on carbohydrate metabolism and haematological parameters of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from Saudi Arabia

The effect of hexavalent chromium on the carp,Cyprinus carpio was assessed using static bioassay. The 96h LC₅₀ was found to be 93.6mg · l^–1. In carp exposed to sublethal concentrations of chromium (15 and 25 mg · l^–1), significant depletion of liver and muscle glycogen and decreasing leucocyte counts were recorded during prolonged exposure and with increasing concentration of chromium. The other blood parameters examined (haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, hematocrit, serum protein, serum glucose) increased similarly during exposure to two chromium concentrations.     

不同土壤水分处理下冬小麦生理要素变化分析

对不同土壤水分条件处理下冬小麦各生理要素的变化特征分析发现,在灌浆高峰阶段,随着土壤水分的增加,冬小麦的光合速率显著加快,平均值在土壤水分含量偏大处理下较土壤水分含量小处理下高5.91μmol.m-2.s-1,气孔传导速率高0.1591 g.mmo1.m-2.s-1,叶片蒸腾速率高0.0034 g.m-2.h-1,叶片温度偏低0.95℃,胞间二氧化碳浓度高44.5 mg.cm-3,气孔阻力偏低2.419 s.cm-1。小麦灌浆期间,充足的土壤水分保证可以有效延长叶片的生理功能,提高小麦产量。