新疆干旱荒漠地区五株低营养细菌的理化特性研究

低营养菌又称寡营养菌。属于特殊环境微生物类群。通过对新疆荒漠地区分离得到的五株低营养细菌的理化特性研究,初步摸索到了分离培养的方法,并测得其生长温度范围和最适温度37℃;最适pH值8～9;最适含碳量15mg／L培养基,生长需要1％～20％的NaCl浓度,以及一系列生理生化反应指标,为特殊环境微生物尤其是低营养微生物的研究提供了一些新的思路和理论依据。     

A matter of tolerance: Distribution potential of scyphozoan polyps in a changing environment

Jellyfish blooms are unpredictable, unsustainable events, frequently affecting aquatic ecosystems severely. Of particular interest are the consequences of environmental change for jellyfish populations, especially in semi‐enclosed habitats. Regional and seasonal changes in water chemistry and physics may control the distribution of sessile polyps in the Baltic Sea, hence potentially driving the population dynamics of the two abundant medusa species Aurelia aurita and Cyanea capillata (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). In laboratory experiments, settlement, growth, survival and physiological condition of A. aurita polyps were investigated at different levels of water temperature, pH and salinity. Survival and physiological condition of C. capillata polyps were examined after exposure to low salinity levels. Increased settlement of A. aurita planula larvae was observed on substrate plates at low temperature (4°C), low pH (7.4) and low salinity (7.5 psu), whereas early polyp growth was constrained by salinity ≤10 psu. Aurelia aurita polyps were in good physiological condition over the whole temperature range, while exposure to pH <6.5 led to stepwise tissue degradation. Salinity reduction to ≤5 and ≤8 psu caused irreversible degeneration of A. aurita and C. capillata polyps, respectively. Observed physiological limits suggest distribution of polyp populations of A. aurita in central and of C. capillata in western parts of the Baltic Sea, while future climate changes may particularly restrict occurrence of the less tolerant C. capillata.     

斑块生境下逃亡生存模型及其计算机模拟试验研究

斑块生境下的逃亡共存是生物种的一种生存对策，文章在Tilman工作的基础上，建立了斑块生境中生物种逃亡共存的新数学模型，并对两种群的动态行为进行了计算机模拟试验研究，模拟计算结果表明，斑块生境中共存的两物种，其竞争能力的排序与其扩散能力的排序恰好相反；种间作用机理分析表明，这两个种能力的负相关是其种群内生物个体生理负耦联在群体水平上的反映，是个体在长期进化过程中形成的一种生存对策，也是其自然选择的必然结果。     

甘肃河西干旱区温室葡萄对地表覆盖的响应

试验了温室葡萄超氧化物气化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、游离脯氨酸（Pro）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量和果粒生长对地表覆盖的响应。结果表明：整个生育期内,砂土覆盖、秸秆覆盖、秸秆+白地膜覆盖及秸秆+黑地膜覆盖都对0~40 cm土层土壤有显著的保水作用,其中秸秆+黑地膜保水性能最强（土壤含水量比无覆盖的提高14.53%,P<0.05）,且各覆盖方式的保水能力随着土层的加深而增强。秸秆+白地膜覆盖下葡萄细胞的抗氧化酶活性最高。砂土覆盖极显著（P<0.01）提高果粒内Pro含量（约增加42.40%）。砂土覆盖后葡萄果粒粒径最大,秸秆+地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖下的果粒粒径均小于无覆盖的粒径。秸秆覆盖能够提高土壤水分含量,抑制果粒的增长。砂土覆盖可以作为温室葡萄适宜覆盖方式。     

Effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid on the drought stress responses of Gardenia jasminoides

The alleviative effects of exogenous salicylic acid(SA) on plants against drought stress were assessed in Gardenia jasminoides seedlings treated with different concentrations of SA.Drought stress was simulated to a moderate level by 15% polyethylene glycol(PEG) 6000 treatment.Seedlings exposed to 15% PEG for 14 days exhibited a decrease in aboveground and underground dry mass,seedling height,root length,relative water content,photosynthetic pigment content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),and water use efficiency.In PEG-stressed plants,the levels of proline,malondialdehyde(MDA),hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2),and electrolyte leakage rose significantly,whereas antioxidative activity,including superoxide,peroxidase,and catalase activities,declined in leaves.However,the presence of SA provided an effective method of mitigating PEG-caused physiological stresses on G.jasminoides seedlings,which depended on SA levels.PEG-treated plants exposed to SA at 0.5–1.0 mmol/L significantly eased PEG-induced growth inhibition.Application of SA,especially at concentrations of 0.5–1.0 mmol/L,considerably improved photosynthetic pigments,photosynthesis,antioxidative activity,relative water content,and proline accumulation,and decreased MDA content,H_2O_2 content,and electrolyte leakage.By contrast,the positive effects were not evident,or even more severe,in PEG+SA4 treatment.Based on these physiological and biochemical data,a suitable concentration of SA,potential growth regulators,could be applied to enhance the drought tolerance of G.jasminoides.     

牛磺酸的生物活性及应用研究进展

对近年来国内外有关牛磺酸的生物学作用、生理活性研究、临床应用以及在营养食品方面的应用作综述报导。     

青藏高原冻土链霉菌分离菌株多样性及其生理活性的研究

以青藏高原腹地北部地区5个钻孔中采集的冻土样品为材料, 采用高氏1号琼脂和甘油精氨酸琼脂两种培养基, 分离得到54株可培养放线菌.经形态学初步鉴定并结合16S rDNA序列分析, 将分离菌株归入链霉菌属. 抑菌实验和生理生化特性研究发现, 24%的链霉菌对供试病原菌有抑菌活性, H₂S、 有机酸、 H₂O₂酶、 脂酶Ⅰ(Tween-20)、 脂酶Ⅱ(Tween-40)、 脂酶Ⅲ(Tween-80)、 淀粉酶、 蛋白酶、 脲酶产生菌分别占分离菌株的56%、 28%、 93%、 22%、 67%、 41%、 43%、 61%、 57%. 结果显示, 青藏高原冻土蕴藏有丰富的放线菌资源, 其次级代谢产物的丰富性和多样性, 对开发研究放线菌资源具有重要价值.