The black hole mass–stellar velocity dispersion correlation: bulges versus pseudo-bulges

We investigate the correlation between the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) mass ( M _bh) and the stellar velocity dispersion  (σ_*)  in two types of host galaxies: the early-type bulges (disc galaxies with classical bulges or elliptical galaxies) and pseudo-bulges. In the form  log ( M _bh/M_⊙) =α+β log (σ_*/200 km s⁻¹)  , the best-fitting results for the 39 early-type bulges are the slope  β= 4.06 ± 0.28  and the normalization  α= 8.28 ± 0.05  ; the best-fitting results for the nine pseudo-bulges are  β= 4.5 ± 1.3  and  α= 7.50 ± 0.18  . Both relations have intrinsic scatter in  log  M _bh  of ≲0.27 dex. The   M _bh–σ_*  relation for pseudo-bulges is different from the relation in the early-type bulges over the 3σ significance level. The contrasting relations indicate the formation and growth histories of SMBHs depend on their host type. The discrepancy between the slope of the   M _bh–σ_*  relations using different definition of velocity dispersion vanishes in our sample, a uniform slope will constrain the coevolution theories of the SMBHs and their host galaxies more effectively. We also find the slope for the 'core' elliptical galaxies at the high-mass range of the relation appears steeper  (β≃ 5–6)  , which may be the imprint of their origin of dissipationless mergers.     

一种评价致密砂岩储层孔隙结构的新方法及其应用(英文)

致密砂岩储层的孔隙结构对其渗透性和电性影响显著,是此类复杂储层岩石物理研究的关键。针对仅从连通喉道半径评价渗透率的多解性以及储层孔隙结构与电性关系研究欠缺等不足,综合影响物性的主要因素,提出了一种同时考虑孔隙度、最大连通喉道半径及分选性三种因素的新型孔隙结构参数δ的计算公式。利用岩心及实测数据对比分析表明,δ值能够较连通喉道半径等传统方法更精确地刻画致密砂岩储层渗透性,同时它与储层电性具有密切关系,可用于估算地层因素F和胶结指数m。据此提出将孔隙结构对电阻率的影响进行归一化校正以及基于核磁共振测井预测储层完全含水电阻率R0的评价方法,从而突出储层流体性质变化引起的电性变化,并提供了一种新的致密砂岩储层流体识别思路,研究结果得到了实验资料和实际测井试油资料的验证。     

吉林省洮南市聚宝铜矿床的地质特征、流体包裹体研究

吉林省洮南市聚宝铜矿床位于布敦花-长春岭构造成矿带上。矿区发现3个矿脉组,蚀变闪长玢岩和近南北向的断裂控制铜矿产出与分布。矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿、黄铁矿和辉铜矿,伴生金银。矿石以交代溶蚀结构和脉状、浸染状构造为特征。该矿床划分为4个成矿阶段：黄铁矿阶段、黄铜矿阶段、多金属阶段和碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,该矿床流体包裹体由气液两相和含子矿物三相包裹体组成。气液两相包裹体大小为6~8 μm,气液比为10%~20%,均一温度为163.8~364.0 ℃,多数为180~240 ℃,盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.05%~10.62%;含子矿物三相包裹体大小为5~10 μm,气液比为3%~6%,均一温度为270~367 ℃,w(NaCl)为35.89%~42.85%。流体包裹体密度为0.56~1.08 g/cm³,估算成矿压力为11.71~42.91 MPa,深度为1.12~3.0 km。初步确定该矿床为中温岩浆热液铜矿床,成矿与闪长玢岩有成因联系。     

新疆乌什北山铝土矿成矿特征与找矿远景研究

铝土矿床（点）,位于南天山石炭纪被动大陆边缘,其中阿依里河是铝土矿成矿中心,区域上矿体沿地层走向在北东、南西地区均有稳定的延伸。以阿依里河铝土矿矿床为例,阐述了新疆乌什北山一带铝土矿成矿地质条件、含矿层位、矿床地质特征。工业铝土矿体主要产在中石炭统灰岩内的3个侵蚀面上,矿体以似层状、透镜状为主,其形态及规模受侵蚀面及古地形的控制。笔者分析了铝土矿矿床成因类型、矿石类型,总结了矿区的成矿规律和铝土矿找矿标志,乌什北山一带有形成大中型铝土矿成矿的地质条件,具有寻找大型铝土矿的找矿远景和潜力,认为滚滚铁列克至英阿特一带中石炭统分布的狭长地带是重要的找矿靶区。     

芙蓉矿田白腊水锡矿矿化特征及找矿意义

白腊水锡矿床是在新一轮地质大调查中发现,并进行了初步评价的大型矿床.该区断裂构造发育,构造线以NNE-NE向为主,并控制着锡矿带的分布.通过该矿床矿化特征的研究认为:①白腊水矿区到处发育的石英脉可能是锡矿化作用的同期产物;②矿脉内的锡矿化可能极不均匀,高品位的地段一般在构造破碎强烈地方;③该区不同岩体的成矿元素含量明显高于地壳花岗岩类岩石的平均值,有些高出数十倍,具良好的含矿性;④该地区的岩浆岩的稀土元素组成特征极为相似,岩(矿)石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线具有相同的变化特点,显示出岩(矿)石可能为同一岩浆房演化的产物;同时反映出矿化可能与细粒花岗岩关系更密切.     

Massive antigravity field and incomplete black hole evaporation

If gravity is a mixture of the ordinary attractive force carried by the massless graviton, and of a repulsive force carried by a particle with nonzero mass, an evaporating black hole might leave a stable remnant.     

Experimental study on the impact fragmentation of core-mantle bodies: Implications for collisional disruption of rocky planetesimals with sintered core covered with porous mantle

Impact experiments of inhomogeneous targets such as layered bodies consisting of a dense core and porous mantle were conducted to clarify the effect of the layered structure on impact strength. The layered structure of small bodies could be the result of the thermal evolution of planetesimals in the solar nebula. So, the impact disruption of thermally evolved bodies with core-mantle structure is important for the origin of small bodies such as asteroids. We investigated the impact strength of rocky-layered bodies with porous mantle-sintered cores, which could be formed at an initial stage of thermal evolution. Spherical targets composed of soda-lime glass or quartz core and porous gypsum mantle were prepared as an analog of small bodies with a core-mantle structure, and the internal structure was changed. A nylon projectile was impacted at the impact velocity from 1 to 5 km/s. The impact strength of the core-mantle targets decreases with the increase of the core/target mass ratio (RCM) in the specific energy range from 1×¹⁰³ to 4×¹⁰⁴ J/kg. We observed two distinct destruction modes characterized by the damage to the core: one shows a damaged core and fractured mantle, and the other shows an intact core and broken mantle. The former mode was usually observed with increasing RCM, and the boundary condition of the core destruction () was experimentally found to be , where is the specific energy required to disrupt a glass core. From this empirical equation, it might be possible to discuss the destruction conditions of a thermally evolved body with a porous mantle-sintered core structure. We speculate that the impact strength of the body could be significantly reduced with the progress of internal evolution at the initial stage of thermal evolution.     

Retrospective forecasting test of a statistical physics model for earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan region

Pattern informatics (PI) model is one of the recently developed predictive models of earthquake phys- ics based on the statistical mechanics of complex systems. In this paper, retrospective forecast test of the PI model was conducted for the earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan region since 1988, exploring the possibility to apply this model to the estimation of time-dependent seismic hazard in continental China. Regional earthquake catalogue down to ML3.0 from 1970 to 2007 was used. The ‘target magnitude’ for the forecast test was MS5.5. Fifteen-year long ‘sliding time window’ was used in the PI calculation, with ‘anomaly training time window’ being 5 years and ‘forecast time window’ being 5 years, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) test was conducted for the evaluation of the forecast result, showing that the PI forecast outperforms not only random guess but also the simple number counting approach based on the clustering hypothesis of earthquakes (the RI forecast). If the ‘forecast time window’ was shortened to 3 years and 1 year, respectively, the forecast capability of the PI model de- creased significantly, albeit outperformed random forecast. For the one year ‘forecast time window’, the PI result was almost comparable to the RI result, indicating that clustering properties play a more important role at this time scale.     

1977年至2006年新疆伽师地震断层性质及应力场变化原因初探

自1977～2006年,新疆伽师地区相继发生了多次强地震.本文运用哈佛大学公布的该区域的CMT解,通过对不同地震的分布及断层性质的定量化分析,将地震分为三个时段,并由P,T轴拟合了该区域分时段的应力场方向,分析震源性质及区域应力场发现,1997年3月1日至2003年1月4日该区域的地震断层性质及应力场均发生了较大变化,而2003年2月24日起,其地震断层性质和应力场方向又恢复到了第一时段的状态,结合该区域地层速度模型和区域受力状况、构造背景、以及地震断层性质和分布规律等,作者提出了该区域地震断层性质及应力场变化原因是由于障碍体的存在结论.