新疆形变固体潮观测与中强地震关系的初步研究

分析了新疆几个形变台潮汐因子的时间分布及震兆异常特征,认为震兆异常的统计关系为：异常范围随着震级的增大而增大,5级地震前可能在100km范围出现异常,5．5级左右的地震可能达250km．而8级地震的异常范围则达到1000km以上;异常持续时间与震级呈正比关系,5级地震异常持续1～5个月,6级地震3～7个月;异常幅度与观测仪器的精度及环境干扰关系密切;部分台的γm2值受格值影响较大,在异常判定前必须做相关分析。     

短钝溞（Daphnia obtusa Kurz)在碳酸盐型水体中的移植驯化与培养

从西太湖梅梁湾分离出野生水华微囊藻,得到水华微囊藻在半固体培养基上的纯藻株。研究太湖水华微囊藻在室内不同氮,磷浓度下的生长特征,发现在氮浓度在１７ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１,磷逍度为１．７ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１左右进,微囊藻日增长率最大。比较自然状态和室内培养条件下微囊藻的生长情况,可知野生微囊藻一般能形成较大的群体,室内液体培养基的营养盐浓度远高于野外,却难以得到大群体微微藻,从此实验结果来看,营养盐浓度与微囊藻在     

Solute transport by surface runoff from low‐angle slopes: theory and application

The removal of chemicals in solution by overland flow from agricultural land has the potential to be a significant source of chemical loss where chemicals are applied to the soil surface, as in zero tillage and surface‐mulched farming systems. Currently, we lack detailed understanding of the transfer mechanism between the soil solution and overland flow, particularly under field conditions. A model of solute transfer from soil solution to overland flow was developed. The model is based on the hypothesis that a solute is initially distributed uniformly throughout the soil pore space in a thin layer at the soil surface. A fundamental assumption of the model is that at the time runoff commences, any solute at the soil surface that could be transported into the soil with the infiltrating water will already have been convected away from the area of potential exchange. Solute remaining at the soil surface is therefore not subject to further infiltration and may be approximated as a layer of tracer on a plane impermeable surface. The model fitted experimental data very well in all but one trial. The model in its present form focuses on the exchange of solute between the soil solution and surface water after the commencement of runoff. Future model development requires the relationship between the mass transfer parameters of the model and the time to runoff to be defined. This would enable the model to be used for extrapolation beyond the specific experimental results of this study. The close agreement between experimental results and model simulations shows that the simple transfer equation proposed in this study has promise for estimating solute loss to surface runoff. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

库仑耦合效应对类太阳恒星模型的影响

物态方程一直是恒星模型理论研究中的最重要的物理方程之一，对于日震学等高精度要求的研究领域来讲，只包含理想效应的物态方程并不能满足研究需要，而要更细致、包含非理想效应的物态方程对系统作更精确和完善的描述，在弱耦合及弱电子简并的系统中，为研究各种带电粒子之间的库仑耦合效应，以化学图像为基础，分别用具有硬核改正的Debye—Hueckel扩展理论来处理离子-电子作用、多体作用的经典点粒子相互作用理论描述离子-离子作用和量子统计方法处理电子-电子作用，并把此3种作用对物态方程自由能的贡献用半解析的数学公式给出，为适应日震学研究的要求，特别选取一组类太阳的恒星模型作为研究对象，从实际模型计算出发，对库仑耦合中的各种效应进行了比较分析，讨论并检验了所作的理论改进。