Antimony in the environment: A review focused on natural waters. III. Microbiota relevant interactions

Antimony is ubiquitously present in the environment as a result of natural processes and human activities. Antimony is not considered to be an essential element for plants or animals. In this third review paper on the occurrence of antimony in natural waters, the interactions of antimony with microbiota are discussed in relation to its fate in natural waters. This paper covers the following aspects: occurrence in microbiota, uptake transport mechanisms, pathways of Sb(III) removal from cells involved in antimony tolerance, oxidation and reduction of antimony by living organisms, phytochelatin induction and biomethylation. This review is based on a careful and systematic examination of a comprehensive collection of papers on the above mentioned aspects of the subject. All data are quoted from the original sources. Relatively little existing information falls within the strict scope of this review and, when relevant, discussion on the interactions of antimony with reference microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and different protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, has been included.     

藻类对重金属污染水体的生物修复

重金属对水体的污染已成为全球性的环境问题, 利用藻类生物修复重金属污染水体, 因 其有效、低廉和环保引起了国内外的广泛重视, 并且取得了一定的成效。本文介绍了藻类修复重 金属废水的应用概况, 总结了多年来在藻类对重金属离子的吸收途径、耐受机理、生物吸附机制、 模型解释及影响因素等方面的研究成果, 同时指出了当前在这些方面尚存的不足, 并就今后继续 筛选、利用生物技术培育对重金属高耐受、高富集性藻类, 进一步探求修复机理以及野外应用方 面的研究。     

琵琶潭瀑布岩溶沉积物生物多样性研究

为了探索瀑布岩溶沉积物中生物多样特征, 2006年12月对贵阳市琵琶潭瀑布岩溶沉积环境进行了野外生态学调查,采集样品和标本25份。经室内初步分析和鉴定, 该瀑布岩溶沉积物中含有5大生物多样性类群共33个物种,它们是蓝细菌( Cya no bacteria) 2个种,原生动物( Pr oto zoan) 12个种,绿藻( Green algae ) 1个种,硅藻( Dia toms) 10个种和苔藓植物( Bry ophy tes) 8个种。生物多样性在琵琶潭岩溶沉积形成中的地质生态学贡献主要表现在: ( 1)生物表面为淡水碳酸钙晶体提供了附着基础; ( 2) 绿色植物光合作用转移了二氧化碳,有助于碳酸钙沉积;( 3)生物群落为瀑布岩溶沉积提供了骨架; ( 4) 生物群落在一定程度上控制和影响了岩溶沉积形态。      

藻类结皮自然恢复后抗风蚀特性研究

从风沙物理学的角度出发,通过风洞实验研究藻类结皮对起动风速、摩阻风速、空气动力学粗糙度等的影响,探讨未破坏藻类结皮和一定程度破坏后自然恢复藻类结皮抗土壤风蚀特性。实验结果表明:无论是完好结皮还是自然恢复后的结皮,都可以提高结皮的起动风速、摩阻风速和空气动力学粗糙度长度。结皮的起动风速大于17 m·s^-1,摩阻风速在0.62~1.21 m·s^-1之间,空气动力学粗糙度长度在0.03~0.13 cm之间。同时给出了摩阻风速和风速之间以及空气动力学粗糙度长度和摩阻风速之间的经验公式。     

Study of effects of environmental factors on biochemical compositions of four species of marine single-celled algae

INTRODUCTIONThecontentsandtheirvariationofcellularbiochemicalcomponentsinnormallygrowingmarinealgaereflectthedifferenceinecologicalenvironments,reportedbymanyresearchers(MomsandSkea,1978;SmithandMoms,1980;LiandHarrison,1982;SmithandGeider,1985;Yangetal.,1991,1992).Lightintensity,temperatureandnutrientsaremostimPOrtantenvironmentalfactorsintheocean.ThispaperemphasizestheeffectsofenvironmentalfactorsonthecompositionofPhaendactylumtricornutum,Dunaliellaspp.,SkeletonemacostatumandIsOChr…     

Heavy Metal Contents in Soft-Bottom Marine Macrophytes and Sediments Along the Mediterranean Coast of Spain

Abstract. Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined in sediment and in tissues of five species of soft-bottom marine macrophytes ( Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera noltii, Ruppia cirrhosa and Caulerpa prolifera ) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Levels of metals were low in most of the sampling stations and similar to those found by other authors in uncontaminated zones. Certain locations, however, showed some degree of contamination (Cambrils, Almassora, Alacant, Mar Menor and El Portús). In Santa Pola we found high contents of metals in one sample of sediment due to the high proportion of the fine fraction (particules < 63µm) and organic matter, but not in the seagrass species. Mercury and zinc concentrations in the sediment are correlated to those in at least some anatomic fractions of Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa and Caulerpa prolifera , suggesting that these species reflect the levels of these metals in the environment. Lead contents in the alga Caulerpa prolifera are also correlated to those in the sediment, while no significant correlations were obtained for cadmium. Among the species studied, Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa seem to be better biomonitors than Caulerpa prolifera .     

青岛市沿岸潮间带海水营养状况与 底栖海藻种类组成的研究

对青岛市沿岸旅游区潮间带海水的营养状况和底栖 海藻的种类组成和生物量进行了调查。结果表明,青岛沿岸潮间带海水无机氮、磷的含量较 高,呈富营养状态。调查海区共发现底栖海藻51种,其中有红藻30种、褐藻11种和绿藻10种 。     

荧光法在赤潮图像分析中应用

为解决探测和分析包含复杂背景沉淀物样品中的微藻的问题,利用微藻类在一定波长光的照射下会产生荧光的特性,对裸甲藻等多种藻类进行荧光实验处理。并在荧光实验的基础上进行阈值分割,轮廓和纹理分析及图像识别等后继图像处理,实验证明,荧光法可以有效的去除背景噪声,使得后继的图像处理容易和有效,从而解决了探测和分析包含复杂背景的沉淀物样品中微藻的问题。     

海藻提取物在当归上的应用效果

用海藻提取物在中草药当归(angelica)上进行喷施效果试验。结果表明,在当归生长期对其施用不同浓度的海藻提取物均可明显增加当归产量,提高等级,降低病级,并对当归的生长发育有明显的促进作用,其中以500倍稀释液的海藻提取物处理效果最为明显,其隶属函数值和最大．对当归的综合效应最为明显。该试验为海藻提取物的综合利用提供了理论依据。     

Research of Influence of Aniline on the Growth of Ocean Algae

This article discusses the interaction of aniline and ocean algae based on the standard appraisal method of chemical medicine for algae toxicity. It is showed by experimental results that aniline has pretty toxic effects on algae. Suspended substances in water can offset some effects of aniline. It also discusses the dynamic constant of first order degradation reaction rate of algae on aniline from the point of view of chemical dynamics.