贡嘎山东坡亚高山森林系统植被光合作用——双裂蟹甲草（Cacalia davidii）净光合速率对生态因子的响应

以双裂蟹甲草(Cacaliadavidii)为材料，研究其净光合速率对生态因子的响应。结果表明，双裂蟹甲草净光合速率(P     

小麦作物光合生产模拟研究

以生物学原理为基础，建立了小麦干物质增长的动态模式。该模式考虑了小麦株型、群体光分布、群体光合作用、呼吸作用及同化物分配。输入简单易测的因子，可计算得到光合速率值、群体光分布特征值、群体光合量、呼吸作用速率以及分部位干物重量等，其计算值与这关测值较吻合。     

Impacts of LUCC processes on potential land productivity in China in the 1990s

Land resources (quantity and quality) and climate condition are two of the most important factors that regulate regional agriculture productivity. Climate and land-use have had great changes in the past decades, and hence are expected to impact crop productivity significantly. Climate change will affect crop produc-tivity through alterations of, for example, light, heat, temperature, precipitation. Land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) directly affects potential land produc-tivity by changin…     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术研究

采用水体中设置生物膜净水栅对比实验的方法, 在6口土池开展生物膜原位修复技术对土池半咸水养殖凡纳滨对虾的节能减排、养殖效益及机理的研究。结果表明, 在135d的养殖期间, 处理组水质的pH、TAN、NO2-N、无机氮和无机磷浓度分别显著低于对照组7.5%、78.8%、76.2%、53.2%和66.1% (P<0.05), DO浓度极显著高于对照组13.5% (P<0.01); 弧菌数极显著低于对照组66% (P<0.01), 细菌总数、硅藻相对密度、藻类生物多样性指数分别极显著高于对照组206%、173%、25.6% (P<0.01), 藻类密度、蓝藻相对密度分别显著低于对照组64.7%、70% (P<0.05); 生物膜上的细菌总数高达5.8×109CFU/g, 而弧菌数为零; 虾养殖成活率、虾起捕规格、虾产量分别极显著高于对照组62.5%、53.9%、150% (P<0.01), 饲料系数极显著低于对照组26.8% (P<0.01), 处理组每公顷池塘养虾增加利润约22.1万元。池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术具有成本低、节能减排、增产增收、操作简便与易推广等优点, 具有广阔的应用前景。     

UV-B辐射增强对孔石莼生长和孢子萌发的影响

测定了不同辐射强度的中波紫外线(UV-B)对潮间带海藻—孔石莼相对生长率、光合生理活性以及孢子萌发情况的影响。研究表明:UV-B抑制孔石莼的生长,随着辐射强度增加,抑制作用加强,同时UV-B也会抑制孢子萌发,4 kJ/m~2的辐射强度即可达到明显的抑制作用。此外,UV-B辐射使孔石莼叶绿素荧光参数(F_v/F_m、Y_Ⅰ、Y_Ⅱ)值降低,随着处理时间延长,孔石莼光合生理活性显著降低。相对于光系统Ⅰ,光系统Ⅱ对于UV-B造成的环境胁迫更为敏感。本研究为UV-B可能影响其他潮间带生物或生态系统的研究提供了理论基础。     

Pseudomonas sp.在杀菌剂耐受条件下对X70管线钢的腐蚀行为研究

本研究选用一株野生型Pseudomonas sp.为试验菌株,选用X70管线钢作为代表性金属材料,通过细菌生长曲线测定、腐蚀失重测量、扫描电镜（SEM）观察等方法,初步研究在杀菌剂四羟甲基硫酸磷（THPS）耐受条件下Pseudomonas sp.对X70管线钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,75 μL/L的THPS浓度在Pseudomonas sp.的耐受范围内,而且能够轻微促进X70试片表面的腐蚀;不添加THPS的含菌体系中Pseudomonas sp.能抑制X70试片表面的腐蚀;而在添加了75 μL/L THPS的含菌体系中,Pseudomonas sp.显著促进X70试片的腐蚀,并且试片表面附着的细菌数量相比于无杀菌剂的对照体系有所增加。因此,该研究表明在特定浓度范围内,与没有添加杀菌剂的含菌体系相比,杀菌剂THPS使Pseudomonas sp.从抑制腐蚀改变为促进腐蚀。     

Interactions between a cyanobacterial bloom (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis</Emphasis>) and the submerged aquatic plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ceratophyllum oryzetorum</Emphasis> Kom.

In aquatic ecosystems, macrophytes and phytoplankton are main primary producers, in which macrophyte plays an important role in maintaining clear water state, while phytoplankton often dominates in turbid waterbodies. In the present study, the growth and photosynthetic activity of the submerged aquatic plant Ceratophyllum oryzetorum Kom. in different cell densities of cyanobacterial bloom are studied. The results show that the plant length and fresh mass of C. oryzetorum are promoted by low cyanobacterial cell densities. Medium and high cyanobacterial cell densities, on the contrary, act as inhibitory. Furthermore, the photosynthetic activity of C. oryzetorum is strongly inhibited by high cyanobacterial cell densities. To a certain extent, the growth of cyanobacteria is inhibited by C. oryzetorum, but no significant effect is found in this study. Supported by the Innovation Project of CAS (No.KZCX2-YW-426), a Provincial Project of Hubei (No. 2006AA305A0402) and the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2002CB 412306)     

Influence of non-photosynthetic pigments on light absorption and quantum yield of photosynthesis in the western equatorial Pacific and the Subarctic North Pacific

Regional variations in the contribution of non-photosynthetic pigments (ā _np^*) to the total light absorption of phytoplankton (ā _ph^*) and its influence on the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (φ _m) were investigated. In the western equatorial Pacific, the surface ā _np^* : ā _ph^* ratio was higher in the western warm pool than that in the upwelling region. This difference appears to be attributable to severe nitrate depletion and higher percentage of prokaryotes, which can accumulate very high concentrations of zeaxanthin in the western warm pool. In the subarctic North Pacific, the ā _np^* : ā _ph^* ratio was expected to be higher in the Alaskan Gyre where the thermocline is sharper and iron limitation may possibly be more severe than in the Western Subarctic Gyre. However, the ratio was actually higher in the Western Subarctic Gyre, contradictory to our expectations. This east-west variation appears to be attributable to changes in the taxonomic composition; cyanobacteria were more abundant in the Western Subarctic Gyre. The values of ā _np^* : ā _ph^* and its vertical variations were relatively small in the subarctic North Pacific compared to those in the western equatorial Pacific. These inter-regional variations appear to be attributable to the lower solar radiation intensity, smaller percentage of cyanobacteria, and relatively strong vertical mixing in the subarctic North Pacific. The spatial variations in ā _np^* : ā _ph^* significantly influence φ _m. In comparison with φ _m based on the total light absorption (φ _{m ph}), the values corrected for the contribution of non-photosynthetic pigments (φ _{m ps}) showed an increase in both the western equatorial Pacific and the subarctic North Pacific.