岩石应力-应变过程中渗透率变化分析

岩石空隙率与空隙的几何性质是影响其渗透率的关键因素。通过分析渗透率-应变曲线与岩石破坏过程的对应关系,指出岩石的渗透率与岩石的体应变密切相关。在压密区间内,岩石的渗透率呈现为负指数下降;峰前膨胀区间内,渗透率快速增加,并在末期形成贯通性的渗透通道;在峰后阶段由于部分通道被堵塞,渗透率发生下降。同时,将断裂力学推广到考虑岩石介质的微观破坏不均匀性,指出岩石渗透率的变化主要是由尺度等级较小的微破裂的相互作用和生长引起的主干断裂,进而形成贯通性的渗透通道。     

Swelling–shrinkage properties and soil improvement of compacted expansive soil, Ning-Liang Highway, China

In this paper, the swelling–shrinkage properties of the compacted expansive soil in the Huaiyin Section of the Ning-Lian Highway are introduced, and swelling–shrinkage mechanisms are discussed based on changes in soil water content, dry density, material composition and fabric. The improvement of the compacted expansive soil by lime is also discussed briefly. It is concluded that careful attention should be paid to this type of compacted expansive soil.     

Study of Influence of Regional Geodynamic Background on Strata Behaviors in China's Tongxin Mine

Strata behaviors are mainly affected by regional geodynamic background. The influence of rock mass stress and energy distribution on strata behaviors in the Tongxin mine is studied in terms of regional tectonic movement, seismic activity and tectonic stress field. The results show that the extrusion lifting movement of Kouquan fault adjacent to the Tongxin mine results in the stress concentration in the rock of the Carboniferous coal bed and accumulation of a large amount of elastic energy and forms structural background of Tongxin mine. Due to various seismic activities in the mine area, the strain energy is known to reach much higher levels, up to 0.5×10⁸ J^1/2. Since the stratigraphic structure is sensitive to the mining operation, the strain energy could cause strong strata behaviors. A special geological structure model of the Tongxin mine is established based on the geodynamic division method. The distribution of regional structure stress field is determined by the rock mass stress analysis system. Based on this model, Tongxin mine is divided into five areas with high stress, eight areas with low stress and eight areas with gradient stress. The strong strata behaviors mostly occur in high stress areas. These results could provide guidance to predict the strength of regional or mine pressure and control strata behavior in different areas.     

粗粒料强度和变形的大型三轴试验研究

通过大型三轴试验,对高低围压下粗粒料的应力应变特性、抗剪强度、内摩擦角和颗粒破碎特性进行了对比分析,并探讨了不同泥岩含量对堆石坝料强度的影响。结果表明：中高围压下粗粒料表现出应变硬化特性和剪缩,强度包线和不同围压下的最大主应力比与剪胀率的关系近似为线性,而低围压下主要表现为应变软化和剪胀,抗剪强度包线等表现为非线性。随着围压的增加,主应力比降低、颗粒破碎率增大、内摩擦角减小。泥岩含量的增加使颗粒表面的摩擦阻力与粒间的咬合力减弱,导致抗剪强度降低。     

循环脱吸湿与加卸载耦合作用下土体持水性能试验研究

土体所经历的干湿循环和应力历史,对其孔隙结构和持水性能影响明显。为进一步深入研究二者耦合作用的影响,开展了先竖向固结再循环脱吸湿以及先气压脱湿再反复竖向加卸载两种不同加载路径的水分变化测量试验,探索土样持水性能和变形能力的演化规律。研究结果表明:(1)脱湿与吸湿路径对比,土体的持水能力具有明显的差异性,且土体越密实,这种差异性越强烈;(2)随着脱吸湿循环次数的增加,土样的进气值略有增大,减湿段和吸湿段的斜率都会减小,但影响趋势随循环次数增多而减弱;(3)对于气压减湿后的非饱和土样,其前期固结压力随气压值增加而增大,而加卸载形成的滞回圈的面积却随之减小,土体的持水性能和变形能力也降低;(4)重塑土样从不同加载路径首次达到同一应力状态时,先固结再脱湿路径下土样的体积收缩更多,而先施加气压再加载路径下土样持水性能减弱的更多。     

气候变化感知对城市居民冰雪旅游环境责任行为的影响机制——以北京市为例

冰雪旅游是推动冰雪经济与旅游产业高质量融合发展的重要途径,现已成为文旅产业中最具潜力的领域之一。然而在全球气候变化的影响下,冰雪旅游发展面临严峻挑战。文章以北京市为例,运用结构方程模型对冰雪旅游情境中城市居民的气候变化感知、感知价值、旅游意向和环境责任行为等变量间的影响关系及其形成机制进行分析。研究发现：(1)气候变化感知分为气候变化表征和气候变化风险两个维度,且两者显著正向影响冰雪旅游感知价值。同时,气候变化风险显著正向影响旅游者环境责任行为。(2)冰雪旅游感知价值显著正向影响冰雪旅游意向和环境责任行为。(3)冰雪旅游意向显著正向影响环境责任行为。(4)旅游经历在气候变化感知对冰雪旅游意向和环境责任行为的影响关系中具有显著的正向调节作用。本研究对厘清冰雪旅游情境下气候变化感知对游客环境责任行为的复杂影响机理具有重要的理论价值,同时也能够在一定程度上为相关部门把握“后冬奥”黄金机遇,推动冰雪旅游高质量发展提供决策参考。     

HPFL加固空斗墙抗震性能试验研究及有限元分析

通过9片HPFL(High Performance Ferrocement Laminate)条带加固空斗墙与5片未加固的对比墙体,在低周反复荷载下试验,研究采用不同的HPFL条带加固方式对不同砌筑方式、不同强度砌筑砂浆的空斗墙在不同竖向压应力下的抗震承载力和破坏形式的影响.采用有限元计算软件AN-SYS建立HPFL条带加固空斗墙的有限元模型,分析加固条带宽度、加固面层砂浆强度、加固层钢筋网格尺寸、砌筑砂浆强度、墙体高宽比和竖向压应力等因素对加固效果的影响.研究表明:HPFL条带加固法是一种提高空斗墙抗震性能的有效方法;加固条带宽度对HPFL条带加固性能的影响最大;加固面层砂浆强度的提高,墙体的抗震承载力随之提高;加固层钢筋网格尺寸加密,对墙体承载力提高较小;不同砂浆强度砌筑的墙体,HPFL条带加固效果的发挥情况有所不同;HPFL条带圈梁构造柱式加固方式对各种高宽比和各种竖向压应力下的空斗墙都是有效的.     

海上风电吸力基础在分层土中的沉贯特性研究综述

吸力基础与海洋工程大直径钢桩相比,具有成本低、安装周期短、对环境影响小、不受海况影响及可回收再利用等优点,近年来在海上风电工程中得到推广应用。吸力基础沉贯至海床预定位置,是其发挥承载力和确保服役稳定性的前提。海床地基土体常以分层土形式分布,且各层土体强度、压缩性和渗透性等存在显著差别,导致吸力基础吸力沉贯机理非常复杂。明确吸力基础在分层土中沉贯特性,有助于指导吸力基础在海上风电工程中的推广应用。对目前吸力基础在分层土中沉贯特性研究进行综述和总结,归纳了其沉贯机理研究进展,并对影响吸力基础在分层土中沉贯因素进行了分析;提出了分层土中吸力基础沉贯的研究方向和改进的沉贯方法。     

An Examination of Behavior and Hazards Faced by Physically Disabled People During the Loma Prieta Earthquake

There is a need to study hazards faced by physically disabled people during earthquakes. A literature review showed the importance of occupant behavior as a factor that contributes to casualty during earthquakes. A survey questionnaire was used to study the behavioral responses of 33 disabled residents, none of whom sustained injury, during the Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October 1989. An occupant risk analysis methodology was developed to study the sequence of activities of the disabled people. Severe restrictions in the physical capabilities of the respondents did not appear to increase their exposure to hazards. Overall, the physically disabled occupants did not think of themselves as vulnerable, and those who felt vulnerable initiated self-protective action in response to the hazards present in their immediate surroundings.     

The frictional behavior of lizardite and antigorite serpentinites: Experiments,constitutive models,and implications for natural faults

Laboratory studies of the frictional behavior of rocks can provide important information about the strength and sliding stability of natural faults. We have conducted friction experiments on antigorite and lizardite serpentinites, rocks common to both continental and oceanic crustal faults. We conducted both velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests on bare surfaces and gouge layers of serpentinite at room temperature. We find that the coefficient of friction of lizardite serpentinite is quite low (0.15–0.35) and could explain the apparent low stresses observed on crustal transform faults, while that of antigorite serpentinite is comparable to other crustal rocks (0.50–0.85). The frictional behavior of both types of serpentinite is well described by a two-mechanism model combining state-variable-dominated behavior at high slip velocities and flow-dominated behavior at low velocities. The two-mechanism model is supported by data from velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests. The low velocity behavior of serpentinite is strongly rate strengthening and should result in stable fault creep on natural faults containing either antigorite or lizardite serpentinite.