Estimation by photogrammetry of the glacier recession on the Cotopaxi Volcano (Ecuador) between 1956 and 1997 / Estimation par photogrammétrie de la récession glaciaire sur le Volcan Cotopaxi (Equateur) entre 1956 et 1997

Abstract

Aerial photographs of the Cotopaxi Volcano ice cap dating from 1956 to 1997 were used to quantify the evolution of the surface area. Results were obtained using precise stereoscopic methods that give the most accurate information. In addition four specific glacier tongues were investigated in detail to measure the ice mass lost between 1976 and 1997. Surprisingly, the bedrock morphology is shown to be very irregular and this explains a large extent of the variability found in the ice losses. The results show that glaciers stagnated from 1956 to 1976 and lost about 30% of their surface area between 1976 and 1997. Slope exposure did not seem to have any significant effect since all the glaciers of the volcano retreated in the same proportion. In accordance with specific measurements performed on the nearby Antizana 15 Glacier, it is suggested that the strong recession observed after 1976 was associated with increasing melting conditions which have occurred repeatedly during the intense/long-duration warm ENSO phases.     

基于Plücker直线的机载LiDAR点云与航空影像的配准

机载LiDAR点云与航空影像的配准是地物提取的关键。本文提出了基于Plücker直线的机载LiDAR点云与航空影像的配准模型。基于三维线空间线变换Plücker直线方程,确定点云和影像中的同名直线间的相对位姿关系,建立Plücker直线共面条件方程,通过影像上的Plücker直线在三维线空间中的螺旋运动,实现像点到其对应LiDAR点的坐标变换。结果表明,Plücker直线共面条件配准模型简洁,将旋转和平移统一处理,避免了两者间的耦合误差,提高了配准精度,为获取高质量的地球三维空间信息提供了技术支持。     

结合Gram-Schmidt变换的高光谱影像谐波分析融合算法

针对高光谱影像谐波分析融合(HAF)算法在影像融合时不顾及地物光谱曲线整体反射率这一缺陷,提出了结合Gram-Schmidt变换的高光谱影像谐波分析融合(GSHAF)改进算法。GSHAF算法可在完全保留融合前后像元光谱曲线波形形态的基础上,将高光谱影像融合简化为各像元光谱曲线的谐波余相组成的二维影像与高空间分辨率影像之间的融合。它是在原始高光谱影像光谱曲线被谐波分解为谐波余项、振幅和相位后,首先将其谐波余项与高空间分辨率影像进行GS变换融合,这样便可有效地修正融合后像元光谱曲线的反射率特征,随后再利用该融合影像与谐波振幅、相位进行谐波逆变换,完成高光谱影像谐波融合。本文最后利用Hyperion高光谱遥感影像与ALI高空间分辨率影像对GSHAF算法进行可行性分析,再以HJ-1A等卫星数据对其进行普适性验证,试验结果表明,GSHAF算法不仅可以完全地保留光谱曲线波形形态,而且融合后影像的地物光谱曲线反射率更接近真实地物。     

应用二阶Harris算子的高铁轨道近景影像特征点提取

由于轨道影像具有较高的灰度相似性,传统一阶Harris算法提取轨道影像特征存在时间效率低、特征点聚簇等负面问题,文章针对已有Harris方法的不足,提出了一种基于图像分块自适应阈值的二阶导数Harris特征点检测算法,采用自相关矩阵兴趣值识别轨道图像特征点,并分别对有砟与无砟铁路轨道影像开展特征点提取。实验结果表明,二阶Harris算子在轨道近景影像特征点提取方面具有较高的计算效率,所提取出轨道影像特征点满足均匀分布的空间特征,有效避免了传统方法特征点的聚簇现象。     

A comparison between analytical aerial photogrammetry,laser scanning,total station and global positioning system surveys for generation of digital terrain model

The present paper compares between four data sources for creating digital terrain models (DTMs), based on analytical aerial photogrammetry, laser scanning, total station (TS) and global positioning system surveys. The case study presents the comparative results obtained using the methods listed above. After obtaining the ground coordinates of points using each method, DTMs were created using Surfer Software to establish comparison consistency. To check accuracy of each method used, a series of 100 independent points were collected at random positions over the case study area using the TS for horizontal position and a digital level for elevation. The comparison of the results of the methods was performed based on accuracy and efficiency aspects. The results have shown that TS and terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) could represent precise, effective and rapid solutions to produce economical and accurate DTMs. Also, using TLSs allow more various possibilities of data representation.     

1：10000地形图航摄成图内业质量控制方法研究

介绍了1∶10 000地形图航摄成图内业生产质量控制的方法,并以实际工作为依据,对该方法进行了详细阐述。同时,还介绍了元数据的生产和质量自动控制方法。     

基于K-L变换的多光谱遥感图像检索方法研究

在遥感图像检索中,光谱特征的应用最为广泛。本文研究了基于光谱特征进行遥感图像检索的方法。针对目前应用越来越广泛的多光谱、高光谱遥感图像波段多的特点,提出了基于K-L变换的检索方法,将多维图像降维处理,在此基础上提取遥感图像的光谱特征,通过检索图像与目标图像的光谱特征对比实现多光谱遥感图像的检索,并通过实验验证了本文方法的有效性。     

在农村村庄地籍调查中采用航空摄影测量技术方法的应用研究

本文探讨了航空摄影测量技术方法在农村村庄地籍调查中的应用方法,描述了其作业方法和技术流程,同时将航测法村庄地籍测量方法与全野外地籍测量方法在界址点、界址边和宗地面积的精度方面做了对比分析,并对其作业效率和经济效益做了初步分析,具有较强的说服力和较高的推广价值。     

明长城长度测量关键技术

按照基于影像的长城解译与调查结果,为科学获取明长城的坡面长度,本文主要采用了下列的关键技术:首先为不同种类的长城段落定义测量规则;其次,准确确定长城每段的起止点;第三,按照统一的标准和技术流程在立体模型上精确测定长城每一处特征点的三维空间坐标;最后,在统一的计算模型下,计算每段长城的长度,通过汇总的方式获得分省工作区和全国的各类长城长度。成果为相关研究提供了参考。     

实验地貌的观测方法讨论

实验地貌观测方法的选择直接影响试验观测的精度和效率。数字近景摄影测量技术具有较高的观测精度和效率,其设备简单易操作且成本相对较低,但观测精度仍需结合传统手段进行率定和校核;点云式激光扫描技术使用范围广、精度高,但设备制作成本高、数据处理量大,等值线式激光扫描技术克服了上述缺点;超声波地形仪多用于水下地形观测,应用范围及效率精度有待改进。实验地貌观测技术未来的研究趋势应朝着高精度、高效率、操作简便的方向发展。