江西雅山富氟高磷花岗岩中的磷酸盐矿物及其成因意义

江西雅山黄玉锂云母花岗岩属典型的华南[富氟高磷花岗岩（P2O5＝0．15％－0．55％），表现为富氟（F＝1．07％－2．04％），强过铝性（A／NKC＝1．26－1．60），具有很高的Li,Rb,Cs,Be,Nb,Ta含量和很低的Y、REE含量.磷锂铝石是雅山黄玉锂云母花岗岩中的主要磷酸盐矿物，其产出与否同体的Li,Rb,Cs含量密切相关；磷锂铝石和长石矿物都是雅山黄玉锂云母花岗岩中磷的主要贮体，并且相互之间呈互补关系，当出现磷锂铝石时，磷锂铝石为全岩磷的主要贡献者，当无磷锂铝石晶出时，长石矿物为全岩磷的主要贡献者，体系的强过铝性以及很低的REE，Y，Ca含量使得磷灰石，独居石，磷钇矿都难以达到饱和结晶，磷灰石为少量出现，并且大部分为晚期形成；独居石和磷钇矿都为极少出现，反映出雅山岩体演化过程中具有独居石，磷钇矿等稀土磷酸盐矿物的结晶分离，铍磷酸盐矿物－羟磷铍钙石的出现反映了雅山黄玉锂云母花岗岩存在岩浆期后的含Be,Ca热液流体的作用。     

一种罕见的铍矿物—红磷锰铍石

红磷锰铍石是一种很罕见的铍磷酸盐矿物,在国外,目前仅知发现于芬兰等几个国家,其量也极少。我国是1984年首次发现于福建南平花岗伟晶岩田中的白云母—钠长石—锂辉石型伟晶岩中,沿粗粒原生绿柱石中的微裂隙分布,是伟晶岩形成晚期热液蚀变作用的产物。本文较系统地研究了南平伟晶岩中红磷锰铍石的矿物学特征,包括产状及共生组合、物性及光性、化学成分、X射线衍射特征和红外吸收光谱分析等,最后概述了该矿物的鉴定特征。     

试论长沙麻田磷矿的成因及找矿方向

麻田磷矿是多因富化的复成矿床。本文对成矿环境及沉积分异,火山喷发,热液交代,次生淋滤等室化因素做了分析论证,并提出多因素(沉积,热液,淋滤),多阶段(原生沉积成岩后生次生淋滤)成矿模式。     

永和磷矿氧化带银星石的矿物学特征

银星石产于永和磷矿氧化带中。该矿床面型氧化带深度5－30m，线型氧化带深度250m。在氧化带中，除碳氟磷灰石外，银星石是较常见的产物，与银星石伴生的表生磷矿还有纤磷钙铝石和磷锶铝矾等。本文研究了银星矿物的地质产状、物理化学性质，以及银星石赖于发育的氧化带地质特征，同时指出了研究银星石和磷矿氧化带对表生矿物学、磷矿床找矿勘探均有实际意义。     

Mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate on their adsorption and desorption in fluoride-contaminated softs

Phosphate is one of the important nutrients for plant growth. In acidic and highly weathered soils, phosphate is ready to adsorb on Al and Fe oxides and transform into sparsely soluble Fe-P and Al-P solid phases, greatly reducing phosphate bioavailability. Aluminum and iron oxides in soils are important sinks for both phosphate and fluoride. In acidic soils, fluoride adsorption can dramatically facilitate dissolution of Al- and Fe-containing phases, which may influence the distribution and migration of both pollutants and nutrients including phosphate. To date, little information is available on mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate in fluoride-contaminated acidic soils. The objective of this study is to evaluate mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate on their adsorption/desorption in red soil, collected fi＇om Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, China, using a batch equilibrium method. The following results and conclusions were obtained. In heavily fluoride-contaminated soils, the adsorption of both fluoride and phosphate decreases with an increase in solution pH. Phosphate adsorption decreases progressively with increasing concentration of fluoride, suggesting that fluoride competes with phosphate for adsorption sites.     

Origin of Phosphate-bearing Carbonate Concretions in the Upper Triassic Lacustrine Black Shales of the Southern Ordos Basin,China

Carbonate concretions are conspicuous in organic-rich shales and are generally related to decomposition of organic matter.The black shales from the Chang 7 Member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation of the southern Ordos Basin host abundant carbonate concretions,which provide a unique record of depositional and early diagenetic conditions of the paleo-lake sediments.However,little attention has been given to the genesis and growth processes of the concretions in these lacustrine petroleum source rocks.New petrographic observations and geochemical analysis show that the concretions are composed of calcite,phosphate fossil fragments,K-NH_4-feldspar,quartz,bitumen,and minor Fedolomite.Phosphate minerals,mainly carbonate fluorapatite (CFA),show pervasive replacement by calcite,most of which contains phosphorus,ranging in concentration from 0.26 to 2.35 wt%.This suggests that the phosphate minerals are the precursors for concretion growth.Positiveδ~(13)C (+5.6 to+12.4‰V-PDB) signatures and the absence of pyrite indicate that microbial methanogenesis was the dominant driver for concretion growth,rather than bacterial sulfate reduction.Quartz,bitumen,and Fe-dolomite are the last cements that occurred,at deep burial depths and high temperatures.The formation of phosphate minerals might have been induced by upwelling of phosphate-enriched deep water in the Late Triassic paleolake,which promoted phytoplankton blooms and further enrichment of organic matter.Extremely slow sedimentation rates of fine-grained detrital minerals,relative to dead organism accumulation,led to the high permeabilities of the organic-rich sediments and rapid concretion growth during shallow burial.The close association of phosphate-bearing carbonate concretions and organic-rich shales reflects that upwelling played a critical role in the formation of the high-quality petroleum source rocks in the Triassic paleo-Ordos lake.     

Study on frost resistance of rapid-hardening magnesium phosphate-ferro-aluminate composite cement北大核心CSCD

随着冬季抢修抢建混凝土工程的增多,研发适用于严寒地区具有良好抗冻性的快硬水泥意义重大。磷酸镁水泥具有早期强度高、初凝时间短、与混凝土相容性好等特点,被视为混凝土工程的良好快修快建材料。然而,磷酸镁水泥制备的水泥砂浆或混凝土在北方地区的冬季往往会受到冻融循环作用,导致其耐久性和强度出现不同程度的退化。为增强磷酸镁水泥的抗冻性,在磷酸镁水泥制备中用铁铝酸盐水泥代替一定数量的过烧氧化镁,制备出快硬磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥。通过冻融循环前后磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥砂浆试件的质量损失测试、强度试验、孔隙率测试及SEM-EDS测试,得出：铁铝酸盐水泥代替氧化镁的数量在30%~40%时,制备的磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥砂浆试件冻融循环后的质量损失率最小,抗压强度和抗折强度达到峰值,抗压强度和抗折强度剩余率最高,孔隙率最小,因而该配合比的磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥具有最好的抗冻性。由SEM-EDS测试可知磷酸镁水泥砂浆试件冻融循环后,基体中的胶凝材料K-鸟粪石部分溶解,试件整体结构疏松,晶体间存在大量间隙;磷酸镁水泥制备中掺入铁铝酸盐水泥后,制得的磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥水化生成大量晶体填充于砂浆试件基体内部,无定形水化产物对砂浆试件的强度有一定补偿作用,使得磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥砂浆试件在冻融循环后孔隙率大幅减小,密实度得到提高,使得磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥的抗冻性能得到了显著增强。磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥为北方严寒地区冬季混凝土抢修抢建工程提供了一种新材料。     

Bryozoan-rich stromatolites (bryostromatolites) from the Silurian of Gotland and their relation to climate-related perturbations of the global carbon cycle

Bryozoan–stromatolite associations (bryostromatolites) formed conspicuous reef structures throughout the Sheinwoodian (Wenlock) to Ludfordian (Ludlow) stratigraphy on Gotland but have not been described so far. They are mainly composed of encrusting bryozoans forming a complex intergrowth with porostromate and spongiostromate microbes and are different from the abundant stromatoporoid–coral–algal reefs with respect to their composition. In the bryostromatolite different growth stages can be identified. The observed succession can be taken as evidence for cyclic environmental changes during reef formation. Stenohaline reef-dwelling organisms, such as echinoderms, sponges, corals and trilobites, indicate fully marine salinities. Ten localities exposing bryostromatolites were discovered. Individual bryostromatolites are small with few decimetres up to one metre in size, and occur solely in shallow marine areas. Common features of these reefs on Gotland are cauliflower-like growth, a high bryozoan diversity, a high abundance of phosphatic fossils and components such as bryozoan pearls and inarticulate phosphatic brachiopods, enhanced bioerosion, Palaeomicrocodium crusts, vadose silt and gypsum pseudomorphs. The high abundance of Palaeomicrocodium, as well as the alternation with other crust-forming contributors, suggest that it could have been formed directly at the palaeo-sea surface, probably in times of minor but high-frequency sea-level fluctuations. Vadose silt and pseudomorphs after gypsum in reef cavities indicate subaerial exposure shortly after reef growth. The high amount of phosphatic components indicates a high nutrient input, probably by dust. All bryostromatolites were formed in times of strongly elevated δ¹³C values. The unusual combination of sedimentological and palaeoecological features, as well as their occurrence exclusively during strong positive δ¹³C excursions, are evidence that the bryostromatolite development responded to climatic/oceanographic changes, which may have played an important role in reef control.     

中国磷矿成矿系列、成矿规律与找矿方向

中国是世界上磷矿资源生产和消费的大国, 磷矿资源储量居世界第二位。中国磷矿资源的特点是分布不平衡, 贫矿多、富矿少, 难采选的多、易采选的少。2014年至今, 中国地质调查局组织编写的“中国矿产地质志”, 全面总结研究了中国磷矿的成矿系列及成矿规律。本文依托该项目, 对中国磷矿床成矿系列进行了划分, 从太古宙、元古宙、古生代、新生代4个阶段划分了11个成矿系列组, 25个磷矿成矿系列。以磷矿区域成矿地质背景和成矿规律特点为依据, 按照《中国成矿区带划分方案》, 将中国磷矿划分了27个Ⅲ级成矿区带, 4个成矿亚带。中国磷矿成矿时代广泛, 从太古宙一直到新生代均有生成, 但不同时代的磷矿各具明显特点。除少数内生成矿作用和风化次生成矿作用外, 中国磷矿成矿作用几乎全部发生在前寒武纪和早寒武世, 其中磷矿储量的80%又集中在前寒武纪海相沉积磷块岩中。晚震旦世陡山沱期和始寒武世梅树村期是中国两大成磷期。通过对区域内成矿作用的深入分析和全面归纳, 将中国磷矿划分为华北成矿省, 扬子成矿省, 塔里木成矿省, 阿尔泰、伊犁、吉黑、华南成矿省和秦岭—大别、阿尔金—祁连、喀喇昆仑—三江成矿省五大磷矿成矿谱系。未来中国磷矿的找矿方向建议集中在川西南、滇东北、贵州开阳、湖北神农架、河北承德、新疆库鲁克塔格等地区。