0.6～2.0GPa压力下部分熔融角闪辉长岩的纵波波速

利用超声波透射-反射法,测量了0.6～2.0 GPa、最高1 085℃条件下角闪辉长岩的纵波波速(vp),详细统计了部分熔融阶段实验产物组分的体积百分含量,利用矿物含量和弹性参数,计算了角闪辉长岩的纵波波速.实验测量和理论计算显示了较一致的vp-t关系,即高压下角闪辉长岩的vp随温度升高先缓慢降低,在温度约800～900℃后转而大幅下降.实验产物显示,样品在温度达812℃(0.6 GPa)、865℃(1.0 GPa)和919℃(2.0 GPa)后发生矿物脱水和部分熔融,熔体含量随温度升高显著增加.熔体是导致高温阶段岩石vp快速降低的主要原因.在初熔阶段vp随熔体增加而降低尤为显著,可能是初熔时矿物脱水生成的自由水及含水量高的熔体,以微细熔体薄膜浸润矿物边界或裂隙所导致.     

位场各阶垂向导数的ISVD算法及其应用

位场垂向导数广泛应用于位场数据处理与解释当中,目前求取位场各阶垂向导数方法大致可以分为两类：①在频率域进行;②在空间域进行。针对这两类方法存在着稳定性较差的问题,这里介绍了计算位场各阶垂向导数的ISVD算法,并通过对单一地质体模型和地质体组合模型产生的布格重力异常进行处理分析,证明了ISVD算法在计算位场各阶垂向导数时,特别是在计算位场高阶垂向导数时,比在频率域及空间域计算结果具有较好的稳定性,ISVD算法能够有效地识别出浅层小尺度地质体边界。为了验证该方法对实际资料的处理效果,对某区块实际布格重力异常数据应用ISVD算法试算各阶垂向导数,结合地质背景等资料划分出断裂体系。结果证明,应用ISVD算法计算的位场各阶垂向导数,对于确定浅层小尺度地质体边界有较好的效果。     

GPS RTK技术性能及在地质勘查中的应用

主要介绍了技术及其快速静态定位、准动态定位和动态定位三种定位模式。重点对GPS RTK技术在地质找矿、工程测量中的勘探网及控制测量、地形测量、图根控制点加密、勘探工程放样、地质特征点采集、物化探测网和勘探线剖面测量等应用进行了分析。     

灌溉和施氮对甜叶菊(Stievia rebaudiana)光合作用和产量的影响

为了解水、氮供应水平对河西绿洲灌区甜叶菊(Stievia rebaudiana)光合作用和产量的调控效应,研究了灌溉量(常规灌溉,320mm;节水20%,灌溉256mm;节水40%,灌溉192mm)和施氮量(0、100、200、300kg·hm-2)对甜叶菊光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明:与不施氮相比,施氮可显著提高甜叶菊不同生育期光合速率和产量,施氮处理间光合速率和产量差异均不显著;灌溉量从192mm增加到320mm,甜叶菊产量随灌溉量的增加先增加后降低。施氮100、200、300kg·hm-2下甜叶菊产量分别较不施氮增产6.00%、9.17%、9.76%,256mm灌溉量和300kg·hm-2施氮量为甜叶菊高产的最优组合,产量达到4 177.50kg·hm-2。     

Phase relations of iron and iron–nickel alloys up to 300 GPa: Implications for composition and structure of the Earth's inner core

We have investigated the phase relations of iron and iron–nickel alloys with 18 to 50 wt.% Ni up to over 300 GPa using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. The synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements show the wide stability of hcp-iron up to 301 GPa and 2000 K and 319 GPa and 300 K without phase transition to dhcp, orthorhombic, or bcc phases. On the other hand, the incorporation of nickel has a remarkable effect on expanding the stability field of fcc phase. The geometry of the temperature–composition phase diagram of iron–nickel alloys suggests that the hcp–fcc–liquid triple point is located at 10 to 20 wt.% Ni at the pressure of the inner core boundary. The fcc phase could crystallize depending on the nickel and silicon contents in the Earth's core, both of which are fcc stabilizer.     

An application of three-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging for the detection of an underground waste-water system

A 3D electrical resistivity imaging survey is presented in this paper. The objective was to investigate an underground wastewater system at the University of Malaya, Malaysia. Apparent resistivity data were collected along ten parallel lines using a Wenner-Schlumberger configuration; electrode cables were oriented in the x-direction with 3 m spacing. Roll-along measurements using a line spacing of 3 m were carried out covering a grid of 20 × 10 electrodes. All data sets were merged into a single data file in order to perform a 3D inversion. Two different 3D least squares algorithms, based on the robust inversion method and the smoothness-constrained technique, were used for the inversion of the apparent resistivity data. Both the horizontal and vertical extents of the anomalous zones found by inversion are displayed. The results indicate the superiority of the robust inversion method over the smoothness-constrained technique at this site. The results are in sufficient accordance with previously known information about the investigation area. The results show that 3D electrical resistivity imaging surveys, in combination with an appropriate 3D inversion method, can be highly useful for engineering and archaeological investigations as well as for environmental applications.     

Shake table study on an ordinary low‐rise building seismically isolated with SU‐FREIs (stable unbonded‐fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators)

This paper reports on the investigation of novel fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (FREI) bearings, which do not have thick end plates, and are used in an unbonded application. Owing to the stable lateral load‐displacement response exhibited by the unbonded FREI bearings, the proposed bearings are referred to as stable unbonded (SU)‐FREIs. A shake table test program was conducted on a two‐story test‐structure having well‐defined elastic response characteristics. Compared with the results for the corresponding fixed base (FB) structure, the peak response values, distribution of lateral response throughout the height of the structure, and response time histories of the tested base isolated (BI) structure indicate that significantly improved response can be achieved. This study clearly indicates that SU‐FREI bearings can provide an effective seismic isolation system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沉积盆地、结晶基底和油、气成因理念与第二深度空间勘探和开发

在石油、天然气的勘探和开发研究中,涉及到深部空间的介质、结构和属性,在沉积建造上涉及到陆相沉积、海相沉积和火山岩相,在油、气成因理论上涉及到有机成因和无机成因,在机制上涉及到深部流体的分异、调整、运移和动力作用.这些本质性问题的研究和探讨是人们十分关注的科学领域.基于油、气生、储和形成的理论、应用和成效的研究提出,有几个基础性的理念问题必须重新认识,特别是沉积建造与古老变质岩结晶基底;双相（海相和陆相）沉积建造与盆地的内涵和双基（有机和无机）混合油、气成因理念.清晰地厘定这些认识不仅有益于对油、气形成、聚集和勘探及开发给出一个更为科学的深部空间,即第二深度空间（5000~10000 m）的油、气勘探,而更为重要的是基于对这些理念的重新认识和深化研究可构建新的思路或理论,且在新的理念导向下,强化油、气深部勘探,以期能在理论研究和实践应用中取得新的成效,发现大型与超大型油、气田.     

矿井电法探测突水陷落柱在任楼煤矿的应用

井下工作面侧帮超前探测技术是矿井直流电阻率探测新技术之一。本文阐述了该技术基本探测原理及其在陷落柱突水前探测采煤工作面内部陷落柱的应用。结果表明,该技术能探测含水导水陷落柱位置及其富水性,从而预防陷落柱突水淹井事故的发生,为煤矿井下防治水起到了重要作用。      

Exact solution of earth-flattening transformation for P-SV waves: Taking surface wave as an example

Taking surface wave as an example this paper proposes an exact solution of earth-flattening transformation for P-SV waves and discusses the applicability of the approximate methods. The results show that the transform parameter m has little influence on the final results, and on the condition of short wave approximation, approximate earth-flattening transformation is suitable. Moreover, the efficiency of approximate transformation is twice of that of exact transformation. For low frequency problems exact earth-flattening transformation should be used.