陕北石炭二叠纪煤田吴堡矿区横沟井田勘查深孔施工技术

本文阐述了通过采用合理的钻孔结构、钻具级配、钻进参数、泥浆配方，特别是采用不同的堵漏工艺，解决了吴堡矿区横沟井田勘查复杂地层深孔钻探施工的技术难题。     

煤田三维地震数据处理中方差体 技术的参数优选及应用效果

方差体技术是基于统计学原理,利用三维地震数据体中相邻道之间地震信号的相关性计算样点的方差值,提取数据体中不连续信息,用以识别小断层和陷落柱等岩性变化点。笔者以山西某煤矿采区为例,通过方差体各项参数的测试,介绍方差体的运算模式、运算道数和时窗大小等参数对计算成果的影响,使方差体技术在确定煤层小断层和陷落柱等地质体时取得较好效果。     

西北地区煤炭资源及开发潜力

西北地区蕴藏着十分丰富的煤炭资源,占我国煤炭资源预测总量的76.46%。含煤盆地主要有鄂尔多斯、准噶尔、吐哈、塔北等。其中,鄂尔多斯煤盆地是具有稳定克拉通基底,沉积了石炭一二叠纪华北型海陆交互相含煤地层和三叠一侏罗纪内陆河流一湖泊型陆相含煤地层的双纪巨型含煤盆地;准噶尔煤盆地、吐哈煤盆地、塔北煤盆地是具有稳定陆块基底的侏罗纪内陆湖泊含煤盆地;伊犁煤盆地、尤尔都斯煤盆地、焉誉煤盆地和库米什煤盆地是具有天山华力西期摺皱带基底的山间断陷(坳陷)型含煤盆地;走廊煤盆地群是具有祁连加里东褶皱带基底的山间断陷(坳陷)型含煤盆地.阿拉善地块、柴达木地块晚古生代和中生代亦具备成煤的古地理条件,目前已在柴达木地块北缘和阿拉善地块南缘发现了小型煤盆地群。地块主体为沙漠覆盖,勘探程度低,可作为西北地区煤炭资源的后备潜力区块。 据国家煤炭工业局1998年统计,西北地区煤炭资源保有储量为4035.35X10~8t,其中生产井和在建井保有储量为752.24X10~8t。尚未利用的精查储量为187.69X10~8 t,可供进一步勘探的详查储量为510. 51 X 108 t >普查和找煤储量为2550.91X108t,煤炭资源储量丰富。我国2002年煤炭消费达到13.69XlO~8t. 2003年17.36X10~8t, 2004年达19X10~8t,而西北地区煤产量在全国所占比例甚小,根据中国煤炭工业协会对2004年1月统计,全国煤矿合计原煤产量为11170.75X10~4t,其中西北地区为1585.17X10~4t(内蒙古按全区产量的2/3计算),只占14.19%,西北地区煤炭资源开发潜力巨大。     

在我国发现的Schwertmannite矿物及其特征

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜与能谱(SEM-EDX)、X射线荧光(XRF)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、热分析(DTA-TG)等分析方法,在我国山西马兰煤矿的酸性矿坑排水(AMD)沉淀物中首次发现了“斯沃特曼铁矿”(Schwertmannite)。研究表明,山西马兰煤矿酸性矿坑排水沉淀物中的Schwertmannite矿物的粒径为0.3~70μm,且分布比较均匀,其BET表面积为44.065 0 m2/g;SEM二次电子像显示为球形或椭圆形(聚集体)结构,颗粒大小比较均匀,球的表面有针状毛刺;该矿物的化学式为Fe8O8(OH)4.52(SO4)1.74.4.73H2O。     

改性煤系高岭土矿粉填充橡胶的结构与性能

以煤系高岭土为主要原料通过相对富集,超细粉碎、表面改性处理等方法,得到一种橡胶填充剂MUCKP。用它代替通用炭黑作为橡胶的补充填充剂,制备了胶片,对填充后的橡胶进行了应用性能研究。结果表明:用于天然橡胶时,当填充剂粒度小于400目时,已有较好的补强作用,其主要性能指标类似于通用炭黑,可以部分等量替换碳黑作为橡胶的补强填充剂。取代量在20%~25%之间。     

典型煤矿区环境地质灾害及其防治

结合煤矿生产过程中所引起的采矿塌陷、水体污染、煤矸石污染、水土流失、空气污染等环境地质问题,对大中型煤矿环境地质灾害的类型和发生原因进行分析,并提出防治对策。     

Iron, calcite, and oxidative stress in coal dust-induced lung diseases

Backgrounds： Coal is and will remain a major energy resource worldwide with P.R. China and the U.S. the leading producers. It has long been known that coal mining causes health problems such as coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis （CWP） and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （e.g., emphysema）. Yet, there are no accurate methods for predicting their occurrence. The goals of the present study are to determine whether bioavailable iron （BAI） is the active component in coal dust-induced lung diseases and to develop a model using BAI for the prediction of coal＇s pneumoconiotic potency. Methods： Thirty coal samples from Utah （UT）, West Virginia （WV） and Pennsylvania （PA） coalmine regions with a low, moderate, and high prevalence of CWP, respectively,     

Hydrogen from coal: Production and utilisation technologies

Although coal may be viewed as a dirty fuel due to its high greenhouse emissions when combusted, a strong case can be made for coal to be a major world source of clean H₂ energy. Apart from the fact that resources of coal will outlast oil and natural gas by centuries, there is a shift towards developing environmentally benign coal technologies, which can lead to high energy conversion efficiencies and low air pollution emissions as compared to conventional coal fired power generation plant. There are currently several world research and industrial development projects in the areas of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) and Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) systems. In such systems, there is a need to integrate complex unit operations including gasifiers, gas separation and cleaning units, water gas shift reactors, turbines, heat exchangers, steam generators and fuel cells. IGFC systems tested in the USA, Europe and Japan employing gasifiers (Texaco, Lurgi and Eagle) and fuel cells have resulted in energy conversions at efficiency of 47.5% (HHV) which is much higher than the 30–35% efficiency of conventional coal fired power generation. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) are the front runners in energy production from coal gases. These fuel cells can operate at high temperatures and are robust to gas poisoning impurities. IGCC and IGFC technologies are expensive and currently economically uncompetitive as compared to established and mature power generation technology. However, further efficiency and technology improvements coupled with world pressures on limitation of greenhouse gases and other gaseous pollutants could make IGCC/IGFC technically and economically viable for hydrogen production and utilisation in clean and environmentally benign energy systems.     

Establishment of new structural indices for the coals with various susceptibilities to self-ignition

One of the main aims of the coal industry is to improve conditions and increase the safety of the work. The questions of environment also need to be considered. In the complex of science-technological problems the focus is placed on how to reveal spontaneous combustion of coals and siltages. The results of spontaneous combustion of coals and siltages are bereavement of the minerals, promise for failures and accidents, and pollution of the environment. The decision of problem of the prevention is very hard, because the spontaneous combustion of coals is an unforeseeable and poorly studied process. The methods of preventing spontaneous combustion of coals must be established. In the first place, these investigations must start with the study of the structure of these coals. The aim of the present work is to determine the differences in the structure of coals with various susceptibilities to spontaneous combustion .Main methods of studying coals include ultimate and proximate analyses, petrographic analysis, analysis of ashes, X-ray （apparatus ＂Kristalloflex Siemens＂ using filtered cuprum radiation）, extraction （Dionex ASE 200）, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy （GC-MS） Finnigan MAT GCQ. Proximate, ultimate and petrographic analyses revealed the distinction in the structure of coals with various susceptibilities to self-ignition.     

Heavy metal and arsenic distributions in soils surrounding Palapye, Botswana： An evaluation of environmental impact of coal mining and combustion in a sub-arid region

Coal is an important natural resource in Botswana. The best coals so far found occur in the Morupule coalfield, west of Palapye, where nearly 8000 million tons have been identified （Carney et al., 1994）. In this study we investigate the environmental impact of the mining and consumption of the high-ash, medium-calorific value bituminous coal in the eastern part of Botswana, which may serve as a reference for other coal mines and coal-based power stations around the globe. More than two hundred surface soil samples and three profile soil samples were collected around Morupule Colliery, Morupule Power Station and Palapye.