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161.
中国南方下寒武统石煤的特征,沉积,环境和成因 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在早寒武世,中国南方存在着四种类型的含石煤地层一南岭型、扬子型、江南型和华南型,其中的石煤在量和质的方面均各不用问,据研究,这主要与当时的沉积背景(一个浅水台地、一个深水盆地和三个深水大陆斜坡)差异有关。作者通过对石煤的分布、厚度、物质组分、岩石类型、物理化学性质和伴生元素的讨论,认为其形成机理为:海平面上升,由上升洋流携带富养海水在沉积速率缓慢和少泥的条件下,促使菌藻类大量发育,并由此引起海底缺氧环境;菌藻类死亡后沉积在海底,经过复杂的成岩变质作用就形成了石煤。 相似文献
162.
Chemical degradations of coal resins, coal asphaltenes and coal residues have been performed with selective, non-oxidative reagents. The coal comprise samples a rank interval 0.30–1.21 %Rm. Degraded low-molecular-weight compounds were analyzed by GC-MS. The distributions of pentacyclic terpanes, isoprenoids, n-alkanes, acids and alcohols obtained as degradation products illustrate a considerable variability between the macromolecular coal fractions. A structural study on the molecular level of the degraded compounds from coal resins and coal asphaltenes show their potential to generate hydrocarbons during coalification process. 相似文献
163.
Hydrocarbon extracts of coal samples from major coal fields in West Germany have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The samples are of Carboniferous and Tertiary age and derive from limnic and paralic environments, the Saar District, the Ruhr Area and the Lower Rhine Basin.Differences in facies, maturity and age reflected in the distribution patterns of the extracted alkylcyclohexanes. An unexpected occurrence of cyclic diterpenoid hydrocarbons in some samples of Carboniferous age has been found. The tetracyclic compounds mainly show phyllocladane type structures and can serve as source indicators.Hydrocarbons obtained from chemical degradation of the macromolecular material of the samples also revealed phyllocladane-type compounds which are normally associated to resins of modern and extinct familes of conifers. Origin and structural variations of this class of hydrocarbons are discussed in terms of maturity and palaeobotanical implications. 相似文献
164.
本区地槽型煤田,主要是下寒武统牛蹄塘组,由一套浅海相碳质板岩为主组成的含钒石煤岩系,与下伏地层呈整合关系。地台型煤田有下石炭统测水煤系和上二叠统斗岭煤系,它们是以一套海陆交互相的细碎屑岩为主,夹菱铁矿或黄铁矿结核及煤组成,与下伏地层呈整合关系。其中斗岭煤系的煤层分布广,煤层及煤质较好,是本区找煤的对象。地洼型煤田,为上三叠—下侏罗统煤系,呈零星小块分布,是一套以陆相,杂色粗碎屑岩为主,夹泥岩及煤组成,与下伏地层呈不整合关系。主要发育在资兴市和宜章县一带,找煤条件次于斗岭煤系。 相似文献
165.
不同补给源的水,其水质、水温存在差异。根据质量和热量守恒原理,通过对不同补给水源进行长期观察,可确定矿坑水的补给源及其比例。作者推导出了存在二种和三种补给水源情况下各补给水源所占比例的计算公式,并应用到湖南洞口县的石下江煤矿,取得了良好效果。 相似文献
166.
167.
用地震反射波定量解释煤层厚度的方法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
一、引言 工业可采煤层厚度一般为1.5m,如何从地震资料上准确圈定1m厚的煤层边界、并定量解释煤层厚度、准确计算地质储量,国外一些学者研究了薄层地震反射波的动力学特征与薄层厚度的关系后,得出了不同的薄层垂直分辨率标准,Widess用零相位子波作实验时,发现当薄层厚度为λ/8(λ是地震子波的主波长)时,反射波形正好是入射波的导数,并可直观地鉴别顶底反射;Kallweit利用可控震源研究了薄层响应的频谱后,提出了分辨地震波的极限为1/(1.4f)(f为地震子波的上限频率),经主频换算后,此 相似文献
168.
A. Wahab Khair 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1985,3(4):243-259
Summary This paper presents an analysis of causes of bump in a deep coal mine. The analysis consists of in-mine measurement determination, analysis of physical and mechanical properties of mine materials and simulation of mine layout and mining sequence. Major factors contributing to the causes of bump have been reviewed and those that are related to this case have been identified and simulated analytically using a three-dimensional finite element method. 相似文献
169.
A South Australian Tertiary brown coal is fractionated into humic acid and kerogen fractions. These related samples are then subjected to a number of different analytical techniques including infrared and13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopies and pertrifluoroacetic acid oxidation. Structural conclusions are drawn from an integrated consideration of the data. Brown coal aliphatic structure is concentrated in the kerogen and the solvent soluble polar acid fractions. The humic acids are the most aromatic and contain a high degree of hydrogen bonding. Only very minor amounts of long polymethylene chain structures are observed in the humic acids, in complete contrast to the kerogen fraction. Different organic detrital origins are proposed for the coal fractions. 相似文献
170.
Two hydrogen-rich lithobodies of highly alipathic character from a coal occurring in southwest Utah, have been studied. Bituminite (>50%), vitrinite (25–30%) and liptodetrinite (7–12%) are the principal macerals. The hexane-soluble products of hydrogenating the lithotypes at 400° with tetralin and hydrogen have been analyzed by GC-MS. Products identified include homologous series of alkylated naphthalenes, phenols, furans, cyclohexenones and hydroxy-pyridines. In the case of furans, the alkyl groups extend beyond C30. Materials released by Soxhlet extraction with pyridine consist chiefly of homologous series of fatty acids and their methyl esters and of methyl alkyl ketones, which were not found in the hydrogenation products. The long alkyl chains in these substances can account for about 75% of the alkanes found in the hydrogenation products but not in the extracts. Most of the compounds mentioned in the foregoing are thought to be physically held or trapped in the coal, rather than chemically combined in its macromolecular network. Except for the fatty acids, the origins of these substances are difficult to identify. 相似文献