基于生态功能区划的黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置

土地资源的优化配置作为一种手段,其实质是依据土地类型本身的生态适宜性及其结构格局的差异性,运用人工技术调控的方法对有悖于自然生态结构的现状利用结构进行优化调整与安排,从而达到土地利用系统功能趋优的目的。论文首先从生态学的角度,根据黄河三角洲生态区划优化配置原则,对土地资源适宜方向与土地利用现状相匹配,甄别出需要调整的类型,构建黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置模型。其次基于该模型,利用GIS软件分析模块,实现土地资源优化配置。最后采用土地资源利用综合适宜度指数,对黄河三角洲土地资源优化配置效果进行评价,进一步说明了按照生态功能区划原则进行土地资源优化效果很好,具有一定的创新性。     

The comprehensive evaluation of China＇s urbanization and effects on resources and environment

This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the urbanization level in China in terms of four aspects of urbanization connotation: population, economy, society, and land. A comprehensive measurement is carried out for the Chinese urbanization between 1981 and 2006 based on the Entropy method. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization in China has a continuous increase with the major features of economic growth and a rapid evolution of the geographical landscape, followed by population urbanization and then social urbanization of health care standard; the distinguished evolutional characteristics can also be found in each of the subsystems. The integrated evolution of urbanization has a profound effect on the resources, energy and the environment, making the land resources and energy security situation under severe pressure. The environment pressure is also increased further.     

浙闽裂谷带的成矿意义

浙闽裂谷带为金银铅锌铜钼金属矿床及萤石、高岭土等非金属矿床的重要成矿域,其代表性矿床有治岭头金银矿床、梅仙式块状硫化物多金属矿床、银坑斑岩型钼矿床、湖山萤石矿田、武义萤石矿田等。裂谷带活动具两个旋回,第一旋回与超大陆解体相当,始于新元古代,闭合于加里东期,代表性地层标志为中元古代地层。第二旋回始于燕山早期,止于燕山晚期,代表性地层标志为下侏罗统枫坪组地层及白垩纪断陷盆地沉积地层。第一旋回相对应区域变质、混合岩化、韧性剪切活动及岩浆岩侵位等地质作用。第二旋回相对应大规模火山喷发、岩浆侵位、断陷盆地等地质作用。第一旋回裂谷环境中,形成治岭头式金银矿和梅仙式铅锌多金属矿床的初胚或金属矿床的初始矿体;在第二旋回后期大规模火山热液的成矿作用中,使前者叠加富集,形成了巨大资源量的工业矿体,而岩体侵位形成了一系列斑岩铜矿和浙闽地区极富特色非金属矿、萤石矿成矿带。     

Electrokinetic Removal of Petroleum Hydrocarbon from Residual Clayey Soil Following a Washing Process

This study investigates total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal from residual clayey soil, after a washing procedure, using an electrokinetic process. Eight electrokinetic experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of TPH removal. When 0.1 M MgSO₄ or 0.1 M NaOH was used as an electrolyte, the electric current rapidly increased within the first 100 or 200 h, respectively. A negatively charged soil surface resulted in a more negative zeta potential and greater electroosmotic flow toward the cathode. Therefore, the accumulated electroosmotic flow (EOF) when using 0.1 M NaOH as the anolyte‐purging solution was higher than when using 0.1 M MgSO₄. Although the energy consumption for the two purging solutions was similar, the efficiencies of TPH removal when 0.1 M MgSO₄ and 0.1 M NaOH with surfactant were used were 0 and 39%, respectively, because the electroosmotic flow rate increased with TPH removal efficiency. When 5% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was used as a circulation solution, the electric current increased but the TPH removal was similar to that using water. In terms of energy consumption, the use of a surfactant‐enhanced electrokinetic process with NaOH as electrolyte was effective in removing TPHs from low‐permeability soil.     

Comprehensive measurement for carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in central China

Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has impor-tant practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy,sustainable and stable development of this region.Ac-cording to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism,using system dynamics approaches,this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China,and through setting different development models,the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out.The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources,environment,society and economy in the city clusters.According to this model,the optimum population scale of the city clusters in2020 is 42.80×106 persons,and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055× 1012 yuan(RMB).In 1996-2020,the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics.During the studied period,it is basically at the initial development stage,and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.     

鄯勒油田西山窑组层序地层格架及其油气地质意义

运用层序地层学的基本原理和技术方法,建立鄯勒油田西山窑组层序地层格架,划分沉积相,并在此基础上分析层序地层格架内砂体的展布特征和油气的聚集规律,预测研究区岩性油气藏的类型及分布。研究结果表明：西山窑组整体经历了一个先进积、后退积的过程;西山窑组为一个三级层序,其中包含2个四级层序,该组由低位域（LST）的三角洲前缘沉积、湖侵域（TST）的三角洲平原沉积和高位域（HST）的湖相沉积组成。研究区基准面上升期可以寻找砂体上倾尖灭型岩性圈闭,基准面下降期可以寻找砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭。西一、二段沉积的三角洲河道砂体受后期构造运动的影响,可以形成砂体上倾尖灭型岩性油气藏;而西三、四段的湖相浊积砂体,可以形成砂岩透镜体岩性油气藏。     

叠合盆地油气成藏体系研究思路与方法——以准噶尔盆地中部地区油气藏为例

以准噶尔盆地中部地区油气藏为例,阐述了叠合盆地油气成藏体系研究的基本思路和方法,归纳为“一个中心,两 条途径”。一个中心是指以油气藏为中心进行剖析研究,两条途径是指采用有机和无机地球化学相结合的研究方法。在准噶 尔盆地中部地区的实例研究结果表明,根据原油的有机（生物标志物）地球化学分析,研究区至少存在2大油气成藏体系, 即盆1井西凹陷东环带地区二叠系成藏体系、莫索湾中东部地区二叠系和侏罗系成藏体系。再通过无机地球化学（储层成 岩方解石）分析,发现研究区还存在另外2个成藏体系,即东道海子凹陷周边地区二叠系和侏罗系成藏体系、石东地区二 叠系成藏体系。在此基础上,进一步评价了各成藏体系中的油气潜力,以为区域油气勘探提供参考。因此,油气成藏体系 的研究有助于加强对勘探的指导;有机和无机地球化学相结合的研究方法相互补充,是对过去通常主要根据有机地球化学 方法进行分析的拓展与补充完善,形成了新认识,值得在今后的油气成藏体系研究中加强深入探索。     

下刚果盆地盐下构造特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用

摘要：通过对下刚果盆地不同构造部位地震剖面的解释,总结了下刚果盆地盐下构造特征,认为下刚果盆地盐下发育一中央隆起带,该隆起带将下刚果盆地划分为内裂谷带和外裂谷带,大西洋枢纽断裂(带)是中央隆起带和外裂谷带的分界线。内、外裂谷带均发育次级凸起和凹陷,呈“两凸三凹”的构造格局。下刚果盆地盐下隆坳格局控制着烃源岩、储层、盖层的类型和分布范围,控制着油气成藏组合和成藏模式。在上述研究的基础上,指出下刚果盆地盐下油气成藏的主要控制因素为断裂控制的基底构造高部位,下一步勘探方向应以寻找基底构造高垒块为主。     

新疆2012年水足迹计算与分析

运用投入产出分析法计算并分析新疆2012年的水足迹,结果表明：新疆2012年总水足迹为292.52×10⁸m³,人均水足迹为1283.94m³。总水足迹中虚拟水消费量为279.68×10⁸m³,其中72.20%用于居民和政府消费,27.80%用于资本形成。水足迹自给率为80.56%,对内部水足迹依赖度较高;水资源经济效益值为25.66元·5m^-3,水足迹价值兑换比例为3.31,水资源经济效益值较低;水资源压力指数为0.68,60%以上的水资源压力来源于虚拟水流出。实现新疆水资源可持续利用可通过优化产业结构、调整居民虚拟水消费结构以降低水足迹,优化贸易结构以发挥虚拟水贸易对平衡水资源供需矛盾、提高水资源利用效率的调节功能。     

A National Accounting Framework for the Petroleum Cycle: A Case Study of China

In a world of climate change and socio-economic development, oil is the strategic resource that is closely intertwined and interdependent. Tracing the evolution of petroleum resources flow is fundamental to understanding petroleum supply and demand, and can also serve as the basis for assessing CO₂ emissions from petroleum products. This paper aims to provide a petroleum products flow accounting framework that divides petroleum flow into four phases, three flows, three libraries, and two processes, and summarizes the approach to measure and analyze petroleum resources flows. It takes China as an example for empirical research, and finds that: ① China’s petroleum production, consumption and import have significantly increased over the past two decades, and the combination of increasing demand and limited supply have created an urgent need for China to diversify its petroleum sources globally to ensure its oil security. ② Final consumption accounts for the use of most petroleum products and special attention should be paid to the losses in the petroleum refining process. ③ With the exception of crude oil, petroleum product flows among various sectors has changed greatly. Particularly, the flow of petroleum products into transport and residential consumption has trended upward significantly, whereas the flow to industry is trending downward. ④ CO₂ emission data shows that CO₂ emission amounts increased rapidly from 456Mt in 1993 to 1517Mt in 2013. Previously, the top three CO₂ emitters were the industrial sector, the transport sector including the transport, storage and post segments, and the thermal power sector. Currently, the largest emitters are the transport sector, the industrial sector and the residential consumption sector. Finally, poorly demarcated system boundaries and incomplete databases and models constrain research on industry flows of petroleum resources for non-energy use.