甘肃北山白山堂矿区流纹斑岩的U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,甘肃北山南部白山堂矿区流纹斑岩的形成年龄为374.9±2.3Ma(MSWD=1.5)。地球化学特征显示流纹斑岩呈钙碱性、过铝质,具高硅(70%～74%)、高钾(4.34%～8.75%)和低钙(0.13%～1.16%)含量特点,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.12～1.65,稀土配分曲线上表现为左高右低,负Eu异常明显,大离子亲石元素相对富集,Nb,Ta,Sr,P,Ti亏损。结合前人Sr-Nd同位素分析认为,该岩体起源于古老的地壳物质部分熔融。非常低Sr、高Yb的特征表明岩体形成时的压力较低,深度较浅,全岩锆石饱和温度约为750℃。结合区域地质分析认为,该岩体与北山南部柳园埃达克岩、墩墩山地区岛弧火山岩具有一致的成岩年龄,形成于陆缘火山弧环境。     

Triassic palaeosols in the upper Narrabeen group of new South Wales. part I: Features of the palaeosols

The sea‐cliffs north of Sydney expose a complex of Triassic palaeosols, pedoliths, and sedimentary rocks.

The most obvious and diagnostic features of the palaeosols are fossil roots in place and markedly leached or reddened, relatively massive, clay‐rich strata. Associated coaly layers and fossil plant remains in adjacent sediments show varying degrees of decomposition. The A horizons of some of these palaeosols have been silicified by plant opal and contain abundant insect, earthworm, and larger animal burrows, cradle knolls, and basket podzols. Many of the palaeosols have well‐preserved peds and their upper horizons slake more readily in water than their lower horizons. Their B horizons may consist of extensive layers of siderite nodules or red claystone with tubular grey mottles around old root channels.

Less mature palaeosols show some relict sedimentary bedding and ripple marks within their profiles. More mature palaeosols, which appear massive in the field, may show anomalous grainsize variation in thin section, remaining from sedimentary bedding.

Soils can be eroded and deposited as pedoliths. Conglomerates of palaeosol clay pebbles and siderite nodules are easy to recognize as pedoliths. Finer‐grained pedoliths have the distinctive mineralogy and some of the small structures, but not the larger structures and field relations, of palaeosols.

Siderite crystals and nodules developed in the gleyed organic and A horizons of some of the clayey palaeosols shortly after they were covered by sediment and subsided below base level. With further compaction and dewatering, the ferric‐oxide minerals became redder by inverting to hematite, mineralized joints developed in some massive B horizons, some peds were accentuated by slickensides, and some root channels and coal cleat were filled with copper minerals.     

Geochronological and Geochemical Constrains on Petrogenesis of the Jietebutiao A-type Granite in West Junggar,Xinjiang

Late Paleozoic post-collisional granitoids are widespread in West Junggar,as well as northern Xinjiang.As a representative of those intrusions,the Jietebutiao granite occurs in the southwestern margin of the West Junggar（northwest China）,and is mainly composed of mid-coarsegrained monzogranite and syenogranite.In the present study,we report the results of high-precision zircon laser-ablation-inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry U-Pb dating on the Jietebutiao granite for the first time,and yield weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 287±9 Ma and 278±3 Ma for monzogranite and syenogranite,respectively.The Jietebutiao granite has a pronounced A-type affinity;it is metaluminous to slightly peraluminous;has a high-K calc-alkaline composition;high concentrations of Na₂O + K₂O,varying from 6.8 to 8.5 wt%;high FeOt/MgO;10 000a/Al ratios,a low CaO,MgO,and TiO₂ content;enriched in some large ion lithophile elements（LILE,such as Rb and Th） and high field strength elements（HFSE,such as Zr,Hf,and Y）;and depleted in Sr,Ba,and Ti.In addition,the granite has a relatively high rare earth element（REE） content（except for Eu）, with significant negative Eu anomalies（Eu/Eu^* = 0.01-0.72）,and showing slight tetrad REE patterns and non-charge and radius controlled（CHARAC） trace element behavior.Petrographic,geochemical, and geochronological data suggest that the parental magma of Jietebutiao intrusions are of mixed origin,and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and mantle-derived magmas in the Early Permian post-collisional tectonic setting.The basaltic magmas underplated and interacted with the lower crust that was dominated by deeply buried arc（and back-arc basin） series and the oceanic crust formed in the Paleozoic,and then triggered the partial melting of the juvenile lower crust,producing voluminous granitic melts and forming the Jietebutiao A₂-typc monzogranites, with the lithospheric mantle progressively thinning and rifting to form A₁-type granites,such as syenogranites,in the Jietebutiao pluton.This further proves the important contribution of Late Paleozoic granitic magmatism in terms of vertical crustal growth in northern Xinjiang.     

山东栖霞地区与金矿有关的煌斑岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

山东栖霞地区煌斑岩常与金矿密切共生,本次研究的煌斑岩为一套高碱（高K）低钛的钙碱性闪斜煌斑岩,其富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,明显亏损重稀土元素以及高场强元素.该煌斑岩来源于俯冲带流体交代作用而形成的富集地幔的部分熔融,岩浆在上升过程中没有受到明显的地壳物质混染,形成于岛弧钙碱性环境下.煌斑岩的形成是多种动力因素综合作用的结果.     

北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩地球化学: 区域对比、岩石成因及其构造意义

北喜马拉雅出露一系列片麻岩穹窿,这些穹窿被形成于27.5～10Ma的淡色花岗岩侵入.淡色花岗岩的岩石类型为二云母花岗岩,它们的主量元素组成为SiO2=70.97%～74.54%、K2O+Na2O=6.27%～8.09%、K2O/Na2O=0.91～1.36及A/CNK=1.10～1.33.然而,它们在微量元素组成上呈现出较大的变化:Rb=(41～322)×10-6、Sr=(26～139)×10-6、Ba=(135～594)×10-6、(La/Yb)N=0.97～17.31、Eu/Eu=0.29～0.72.北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的主量元素和微量元素组成特征类似于高喜马拉雅中新世的二云母花岗岩,而在Ti、Mg、Ca、Ba含量和Rb/Sr比值上明显不同于高喜马拉雅中新世的电气石-白云母花岗岩.北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩(87Sr/86Sr)t=0.7344～0.8503(t=10Ma),εNd(10Ma)=-12.5～-19.3,与高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩无明显差异.在岩石成因上,北喜马拉雅和高喜马拉雅中新世淡色花岗岩均起因于构造减压作用,由此导致白云母发生脱水反应诱发高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的深熔.但北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩形成的地质背景明显不同于高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩,前者具有较长的时间跨度,开始形成于喜马拉雅渐新世的地壳增厚期,之后形成于中新世穹窿片麻岩的折返时期,而高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩与中新世高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的构造挤出作用有关.因此,北喜马拉雅和高喜马拉雅淡色     

Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Queershan composite granitic pluton,eastern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints from geochronology,geochemistry and Hf isotope data

The Queershan composite granitic pluton is located in the north of the late Paleozoic Yidun arc collision-orogenic belt, eastern Tibetan Plateau. The main rock types are coarse-grained porphyritic alkalic-monzonite granite with minor fine-grained porphyritic monzogranite and granodiorite distributed in the eastern and southwestern regions. Here we report their zircon U-Pb ages and geo- chemical data. The intrusive contact relations indicate that granodiorite was formed earlier than the alkalic-monzonite granite(105.9±1.3 Ma) and monzogranite(102.6±1.1 Ma). These suggest that the Queershan composite granitic pluton was formed through three-stage magmatic events. The alkalic-monzonite granite(105.9±1.3 Ma) and monzogranite(102.6±1.1 Ma) are characterized by high SiO2(73.5%–77.7%), K2O+Na2O(6.9%–8.5%), Ga/Al ratios(2.6–3.4) and low Al2O3(11.8%–14.5%), CaO(0.25%–1.5%), MgO(0.18%–0.69%), negative Ba, Sr and Eu anomalies, showing A-type granite affinities. The granodiorite exhibits lower SiO2, P2O5 and K2O+Na2O contents, but higher Al2O3, CaO and MgO contents than alkalic-monzonite granite and monzogranite, showing I-type granite affinity. 176Hf/177 Hf ratios of the alkalic-monzonite granite and the monzogranite are 0.282692–0.282749 and 0.282685–0.282765, respectively, and with similar ?Hf(t) values(?0.56 to 1.43 and ?0.87 to 1.90 respectively). They also present similar TDM2 model ages(1.04–1.22 and 1.07–1.2 Ga respectively), indicating they may be sourced from a similar rock source, mostly like Kangding Complex. The homogeneity of the Hf isotopic compositions and the absence of the MMEs demonstrate that little depleted mantle materials have contributed to the source. We propose that the Mesoproterozoic crust materials of the Yangtze Craton exist beneath the Yidun arc terrane and support it was a dismembered part of the Yangtze Craton. The A-type granites of Queershan composite granitic pluton are most probably related to the closure of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethys ocean.     

老挝南部帕莱通双峰式火山岩锆石U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学特征

老挝南部帕莱通（Phlaythong）矿区出露了一套双峰式火山岩组合,其基性端元为致密块状玄武岩,酸性端元为流纹岩。流纹岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为（229.0±2.0）Ma,属中-晚三叠世,代表双峰式火山岩形成时代。地球化学数据显示：玄武岩SiO₂质量分数均值为50.70%,富TiO₂、MgO、CaO和TFeO,具较低的全碱和P₂O₅,富集LILE(Sr、Rb、Ba、Th)和轻微亏损HFSE,轻稀土略微富集,Eu负异常不明显;流纹岩具有高的SiO₂（平均质量分数为76.33%）和全碱,富钾（w(K₂O）＞w(Na₂O)）,极低的TiO₂、MgO、CaO和TFeO,富Th、U和Zr,明显亏损Ta、Nb、Ba、Sr和Ti,轻稀土富集,显示明显的Eu负异常（δEu=0.31~0.82）特征。初步研究表明,玄武岩和流纹岩来自不同的岩浆源区,玄武岩由亏损的软流圈地幔受陆壳物质混染作用形成,流纹岩为壳源物质受幔源岩浆底侵加热之后熔融的产物。结合南海-印支地块构造演化特征,认为该双峰式火山岩形成于大陆板内裂谷环境。     

北祁连造山带东段老虎山石英闪长岩成因及其地质意义

以北祁连造山带东段老虎山石英闪长岩体为研究对象,进行了锆石U-Pb年龄及全岩元素与Sr-Nd同位素组成的系统 测定,据此探讨了岩石的成因及其对北祁连构造演化的启示。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,石英闪长岩体的形成 年龄为440 Ma。岩石具有亚碱、准铝以及贫钙、镁、铁的特征,碱铝指数（AKI值） 均低于0.85,铝饱和指数（A/NKC 值） 多小于1.0,属钙碱性I型花岗岩类岩石。在稀土和微量元素组成上,岩石富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Cs、 Th和U）,亏损高场强元素（如Nb和Ta）,显示弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。岩体具有相对均一的Sr-Nd同位素组成,初始Sr同 位素值为0.7058~0.7071,εNd(t)值为-1.06~-0.31。综合分析表明,老虎山石英闪长岩应起源于玄武质下地壳物质的部分熔 融,并在成岩过程中有少量幔源物质的混入。对区内火成岩地质地球化学特征与产出背景的全面分析,表明受北祁连洋俯 冲及随后岛弧与祁连—柴达木陆块碰撞拼贴影响,弧后盆地的北向俯冲消减作用可能是诱发民乐窑沟和老虎山弧岩浆岩以 及导致毛藏寺—老虎山花岗岩带内埃达克质岩石侵位的基本动力机制。     

北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩成因及其地质意义

北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩由底部(第1岩性段)玄武粗安岩、下部(第2岩性段)酸性火山碎屑岩和上部(第3、4岩性段)粗面岩、流纹岩组成。根据地球化学特征,东岭台组下部第1岩性段玄武粗安岩属于碱性系列,具有Coombs成分变异趋势,上部的中、酸性岩属于高钾钙碱性;东岭台组火山岩整体具有从碱质富集的基性岩向硅饱和的中酸性岩变化的跨越式成分变异趋势。东岭台组中—基性岩是富集Ba、Sr、LREE和K的幔源原始玄武质岩浆在中等压力条件下分离结晶的产物,岩石在成岩过程中受到了下地壳物质的混染。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的粗面岩或英安岩依据地球化学特征分为3大类——富铝钾质粗面岩、富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩与贫铝粗面岩或英安岩。富铝钾质粗面岩是玄武质岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩是内侵的基性岩含水熔融的产物;贫铝粗面岩或英安岩有可能由中—基性岩分异而来,成岩过程中受到围岩混染。东岭台组下部第2岩性段的酸性火山岩形成于下地壳低钾岩石在高氧逸度条件下的低程度部分熔融。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的酸性火山岩中的低硅端元是基性岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;高硅端元由低硅酸性火山岩分离结晶演化而来。燕山早白垩世早、中期大规模高钾钙碱性岩浆活动很可能是幔源岩浆与陆壳发生熔融反应的产物。东岭台组火山岩是早白垩世中期地壳被内侵玄武质岩浆加热,进而导致地温梯度增高的直观表征;地壳深部温度升高和部分熔融直接促使地壳发生侧向韧性流动,致使早白垩世时期的燕山地区由山地演变为高原。