西藏金沙江缝合带一些岩石的初步研究(Ⅱ):基性、超基性岩

对采自藏北无人区西藏金沙江缝合带的基性、超基性岩样品进行了岩石学、岩石化学、稀土和微量元素、同位素等分析测试 ,以及主要矿物成分的电子探针分析。研究结果表明 ,这些样品为辉长岩和辉石岩 ,属于钙碱性至碱性系列 ,其矿物组成没有斜方辉石 ,未见变形显微构造特征。其化学成分以高Al2 O3,FeO ,Na2 O +K2 O和低SiO2 ,MgO含量为特征。稀土元素配分型式以斜率较大的微弱负铕异常的右倾曲线为特征 ,LREE富集。它们具有较高的Sr丰度和87Sr/ 86 Sr比值 (>0 70 6 9)以及高的2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 4 Pb ,2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 4 Pb和2 0 6 Pb/ 2 0 4 Pb比值。上述特征有别于藏北蛇绿岩的基性、超基性岩 ,表明它们不是蛇绿岩套组合 ,其形成可能与金沙江缝合带的弧后扩张有关     

甘肃省含钾岩石分布特征及找矿方向浅析

我国是世界上钾肥消耗最大的国家之一,已探明的钾盐资源储量仅占全球资源储量的2%左右,钾盐资源相当贫乏,供需矛盾十分突出。因此,目前在加强钾盐矿普查的同时开展非水溶性钾矿资源的开发利用研究,是解决我国钾肥短缺的有效途径。根据国内对含钾岩石的研究,通过对省内含钾岩石岩石化学资料的收集、整理与分析研究,初步总结了省内含钾岩石的分布特征,将含钾岩石划分为岩浆岩型和沉积岩型两类,并对钾含量较高的岩石的分布进行了概略性研究,初步探讨了找矿前景,提出了可供勘查的矿化潜力较大的地区。     

福建永定大坪花岗斑岩体的铌钽富集特征研究

福建大坪花岗斑岩体位于永定县城南部的大石凹—蓝地火山喷发盆地,具斑状结构,基质呈霏细结构、细-微粒结构。文章运用电子探针(EMPA)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)等技术,对大坪岩体ZK10001钻孔中不同深度的岩石样品进行了矿物和岩石化学分析。分析结果表明,大坪岩体岩性为黑鳞云母碱长花岗斑岩,属于过铝质钙碱性花岗岩,具有较高的分异演化程度,Nb2O5和Ta2O5含量达到了花岗岩型稀有金属矿床的工业品位。铌钽矿物主要与黄玉、萤石的集合体呈稀疏浸染状、星点状产于基质间隙内,其次以星点状存在于石英和长石斑晶中。矿石矿物赋存特征与宜春钽铌矿床类似,可能具有一定的可选性和经济价值。大坪岩体的铌钽富集特征不同于斑岩型铜、钼矿床,与花岗岩型铌钽矿床也存在较大的差别,铌钽的富集过程经历了深部斑晶阶段和浅部基质阶段两阶段岩浆结晶分异作用,F等挥发分促进了铌钽在结晶残余岩浆中富集,在基质间隙间沉淀。大坪矿化岩体的发现暗示斑岩型铌钽矿床存在的可能性。     

Petrochemistry and mineral chemistry studies on metamorphic ultramafic rocks in Yanghou area, Northern Fujian, China

Petrochemical studies indicate that the Yanghou metamorphie ultramafic rocks are composed of metamorphosed harzburgite and ultramafic cumulate.Trace element geochemistry and mineral chemistry of the metamorphic harzburgite indicate that they are relicts of depleted mantle.Systematic petrochemical,mineral chemical and geochronological studies led to such a conclusion that the Yanghou metamorphic ultramafic rocks may be the components of Late Sinian-Early Paleozoic ophiolite in South China.     

安徽月山岩体岩石地球化学特征及成因

月山矿田是长江中、下游地区典型的夕卡岩-热液脉型铁、铜、金多金属矿田。月山岩体与金属矿床成因密切相关。通过对月山岩体系统的岩石学、岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征研究,认为月山岩体是在区域拉张环境下,由亏损地幔低程度部分熔融形成的硅酸不饱和高钾碱性玄武岩浆经AFC机制形成的。     

胶东煌斑岩的地球化学特征及成因探讨

胶东金矿区煌斑岩脉广泛发育,这些煌斑岩具有高碱富钾、较高的铝含量、Ｍｇ＾＃值较大等特征,岩性相当于玄武质－玄武安山质的岩石组合。煌斑岩的Ｃｒ与Ｎｉ、Ｋ与Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ与Ｂａ呈现正相关性,其比值接近华北地块上地壳的值;煌斑岩全岩的δ＾１８Ｏ值和＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ值也较高,εＮｄ（ｔ）则呈较大的负值,表明煌斑岩的成岩物质来源与地壳有关。胶东群的两阶段部分熔融模式可以较好地解释这类煌斑岩的成因机制。     

Petrochemistry of sandstones from Neoproterozoic basins of the Bastar craton, Central Indian Shield: Implications for paleoweathering, provenance and tectonic history

Petrographic analysis and chemical analysis of major and trace elements including rare earth elements of the Neoproterozoic sandstones from the Chandarpur Group and the Tiratgarh Formation have been carried out to determine their provenance, tectonic setting and weathering conditions. All sandstone samples are highly enriched in quartz but very poor in feldspar and lithic fragments. Petrographically and geochemically these sandstones are classified as subarkose, sublitharenite and arenite. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA mean 68) and Th/U ratios (mean 4.2) for these sandstones suggest their moderate weathering nature. Generally, all sandstone samples are strongly depleted in major elements (except SiO₂), trace elements (except Zr) and REE in comparison with Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) and Upper Continental Crust (UCC). Their mineralogy and mean of elemental ratios suitable for determination of provenance and tectonic setting, e.g. Al₂O₃/SiO₂ (0.02), K₂O/Na₂O (10), Eu/Eu* (0.67), (La/Lu)n (10.4), La/Sc (3), Th/Sc (1.2), La/Co (0.22), Th/Co (0.08), and Cr/Th (7.2), support a felsic source and a passive margin tectonic setting for these sandstones. Also these key elemental ratios do not show much variation over a range of SiO₂. Thus we attest their significance in determining source rock characteristics of quartz rich sandstones. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns with LREE enrichment and a strong negative Eu anomaly are also attributed to felsic source rock characteristics for these sandstones. The source rocks identified are granite and gneiss of the Bastar craton. Minor amounts may have been derived from older supracrustals of the Bastar craton. However, the major element data of the Paleoproterozoic Sakoli schists when compared with those of the Neoproterozoic sandstones indicate that the schists were derived from a mafic source and deposited in an active continental margin tectonic setting. There is, however, little difference in CIA values between the Paleoproterozoic Sakoli schists and Neoproterozoic sandstones, indicating prevailing of similar (moderate‐intense) weathering conditions throughout the Proterozoic in the Bastar craton. Our study also suggests a change in the provenance and tectonic setting of deposition of sediments from dominantly a mafic source and an active continental margin in the Paleoproterozoic to dominantly granite and gneiss (felsic source) and a passive continental margin in the Neoproterozoic in the Bastar craton.     

藏东喜马拉雅期A型花岗岩岩石化学特征

藏东喜马拉雅期Ａ型花岗岩主要分布于玉龙斑岩铜（钼） 矿带西侧。众多碱钙性小斑岩体构成一个走向ＮＮＷ的花岗岩带。主要岩性有碱长石英正长岩、石英正长岩和碱长正长岩。岩浆主要来源于上地幔。侵位时代为喜马拉雅期（ＫＡｒ 年龄值为３６～４５ Ｍａ） ,侵位时的构造环境为造山后板内走滑变形环境。     

云南富宁地区晚二叠世基性火山岩的发现及其构造意义

笔者在云南富宁地区厘定出一套较大面积展布的火山岩,为讨论该火山岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义,对该火山岩进行了地质学、岩石学、地球化学分析。结果表明：（1） 该套火山岩是研究区全新发现,结合其地质学特征及邻近地区测年数据,认为其时代可能为晚二叠世;（2）该火山岩主要由灰色致密状玄武岩、灰色（球颗）玄武岩、灰色气孔状玄武岩等基性岩石构成,多具有间粒结构,致密块状构造、气孔状构造,主要由斜长石、辉石组成,局部可见微弱热液蚀变发育;（3）该火山岩属亚碱性系列,SiO2含量处于46.08%~51.80%之间,全碱alk=2.94~5.21,K2O/Na2O=0.03~1.03,钠质多,为基性中-高钾钙碱性玄武岩;（4）该火山岩呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的弱分异右倾式稀土元素配分特征,δEu=1.02~1.10,呈现Eu正异常,δCe=0.93~0.96,表现Ce负异常。（Rb/Yb）N=1.6~11.4,强不相容元素富集;（Ce/Yb）N=2.03~7.59,（La/Lu）N=2.4~9.93,稀土元素分异明显;微量元素表现为Sr、Ti、Zr、Nb亏损,而P、Th富集特征。Nb/Ta介于11.8~18.5,显示出岩浆源遭受过来自消减板块的影响;（5）火山岩构造判别图显示该火山岩既具有大陆板内环境特征,又具有大洋板内构造背景,是一种叠加的构造环境,这可能是因为该地区大洋演化过程中同时受到了峨眉山玄武岩影响造成的。     

西藏过铝花岗岩的岩石化学特征及成因探讨

西藏班公湖—改则—安多—怒江带一线以南分布有61个主要过铝花岗岩体,其岩石类型主要有电气石花岗岩、白云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩,它们的主量元素组成为SiO2=65.70%~79.52%、K2O Na2O=2.20%~12.51%、K2O/Na2O=0.49~1.04及A/CNK=1.04~1.38。随着SiO2的增加,岩石中Al2O3逐渐下降,而其他的氧化物较离散。岩石系列主要为含钾较高的钙碱性系列,具典型的(强)过铝花岗岩特征。铝饱和指数图解、QAP图解投点大多数落在CCG区,表明其为大陆碰撞构造环境。Ab-Or-Q-H2O相图表明过铝花岗岩形成的压力为0.05~0.2GPa,推断温度低于700℃。根据岩石化学分析,可以得出这样的推论,西藏过铝花岗岩类发生在两个大陆地壳板块的碰撞阶段,源岩来源于上地壳的重熔,成因为S型花岗岩。其中南冈底斯带和拉轨岗日带具有许多相似的性质,这些相似的性质可能暗示二者有相同的岩浆源区或(和)相同的构造环境。