Smoothing unit vector fields

Data, each consisting of a unit vector and a position, are modeled as a smooth unit vector field plus random directional errors; the smooth unit vector field is estimated by fitting a spline to observations. The estimate is nonlinear; it is obtained with an iterative procedure in which, at each step, a least-squares smoothing spline is fitted to a set of pseudovalues. The resulting estimate is exemplified with a data set extracted from the literature in geology. The proposed estimate is compared, using the same data set with that obtained through suggestions of other authors, and is found to have attractive qualities. The use of plots of the resulting estimate to find the appropriate value of the smoothing parameter is emphasized throughout.     

解平面质点问题之方法的新探讨

本文使三种平面坐标按一个固定关系互相配合,得到与此对应的一系列公式,为解大量的平面质点问题提供简便方法。     

"国六条"政策出台后,对小户型住宅设计的重新思考

2006年5月19日,国务院发布的"国六条",明确新建住宅结构比例。从国家政策可以看出,我国将在相当长的一段时间内控制住房建筑面积和大户型面积的比例,小户型将成为市场主流。如何设计好90m2以下小户型,使之规划、环境、户型、配套等达到最佳方案,是我们要不断深入研究、设计的目标。     

基于单位四元数描述的单像空间后方交会

在3维空间里,四元数可以非常方便地表示空间方位、空间向量间的旋转、平移和缩放等关系。将四元数理论引入到摄影测量领域,用单位四元数对坐标旋转矩阵进行描述,提出了一种采用单位四元数描述航摄像片位置与姿态的单张像片空间后方交会新方法。该方法与传统方法相比,在平差时避免了频繁的三角函数运算,不仅收敛速度快,而且精度高。     

Determination of active units with different kinematic property and their activity pattern in North China based on the data from GPS remeasurements

Based on the high-accuracy data obtained from the GPS measurements carried out in 1992, 1995 and 1996, the isochronous active units with different kinematic property inside the North China area have been distinguished, 4 active units and 1 transition zone with distinct differential movement have been determined. They are Ordos-Yinshan unit, Yanshan unit, Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong (Jin-Ji-Lu) unit, Jiaodong-Liaoning-Shandong (Jiao-Liao-Lu) unit and Yanshan-Hebei (Yan-Ji) transition zone. The relative movements among the neighboring units in this period have been given. 1 The compressive movement between Ordos-Yinshan unit and Yanshan unit is not obvious with an amount of 0.4±1.3 mm/a. 2 Jin-Ji-Lu unit moves E40°S off the Ordos-Yinshan unit and the magnitude is 4.4±1.0 mm/a. 3 Relative to the Yan-Ji transition zone of differential movement, Yanshan unit shifts W38°N with a value of 2.4±1.3 mm/a and Jin-Ji-Lu unit moves eastward 35° by south with an amount of 2.3±0.9 mm/a. 4 Jin-Ji-Lu unit has a tensional left-lateral movement of 4.7±1.4 mm/a in the direction of E37°S relative to Yanshan unit. 5 Some area near Tanlu belt which is located in the southern part of Jin-Ji-Lu block has a southward movement 14° by west with a magnitude of 1.5±1.1 mm/a off the Jin-Ji-Lu unit. 6 Relative to Jin-Ji-Lu unit, Jiao-Liao-Lu unit has a trend of clockwise movement with a tensional right-lateral motion at the north end which neighbors Yanshan unit and a compressive motion at the south end. It should be noted that the errors given in the paper are obtained based on the divergence among the displacements of the sites in the unit, rather than the value calculated from the displacement error of the sites. The analyzed results indicate that: 1 Shanxi tectonic zone and Yan-Ji transition zone are the major tectonic active zones to show the frame and magnitude of interior relative movement in North China area, and others are the secondary tectonic active zones; 2 The complete horizontal deformation in the North China area is not homogeneous nor successive; 3 The kinetic model of North China area might be "mantle dragging plus boundary coupling". Foundation item: The National Key Basic Research Project Mechanism and Prediction of Continental Earthquakes (G1998040700).     

黄河干流兰州站与花园口站年径流序列协整分析研究

协整理论是经济计量学中处理非平稳经济时间序列常用的一种理论，具有模型可靠的优点。将其引入河川径流序列分析中，以黄河为例，通过单位根检验，获得平稳的河川径流序列，在此基础上，建立了误差修正模型，用于描述流域上下游径流间的协整关系。     

公路沿线花岗岩风化区滑坡危险度评价--以日本49号国道合户地区为例

对公路沿线边坡进行稳定性评价及滑坡灾害分析，对于由滑坡、泥石流等引起的公路灾害的防治具有重要指导意义。为了评价处于花岗岩风化区的日本福岛县合户地区49号国道沿线边坡的滑坡危险程度，在调查和分析了该地区的表层破坏模式、并通过简易探测方法摸清了风化土层的厚度分布后，将研究区域划分为边坡单元(Slopeunit)，使用椭球体下半部模拟滑动面的形状，通过随机试算法确定各边坡单元危险滑动面的位置及空间形状；采用一种基于GIS的边坡稳定性三维分析模型计算各边坡单元最小安全系数以及滑坡发生概率，定量评价滑坡灾害危险程度。所有的计算过程及结果显示均在一个基于GIS平台的系统中完成，为如何利用GIS技术更好地为滑坡灾害防治工作服务拓宽了思路。     

地勘单位企业改制存在的问题及对策

地勘单位企业进行股份制改造，建立现代产权制度，是地勘单位企业的发展方向，但由于诸多原因造成改制中国有资产大量流失与分配不公在分析了地勘单似企业改制中存在的主要问题及具体表现的丛础上，提出了相应的对策，对规范和加强地勘单位改制工作具有现实意义。     

将鄂尔多斯地块作为一独立单元参与中期地震趋势会商的建议

鄂尔多斯是一块地质构造完整且活动强烈的运动地块。在总结有关研究工作的基础上,提出了将其作为一独立地区单元参与中期地震趋势会商的建议。这对本地区乃至全国地震趋势判断都是有意义的。     

则木河活动断裂的内部结构

对则木河活动断裂进行了细致研究 ,并对其进行了分段和描述 ,根据它们的不同排列方式 ,分析了其各自的阶区特征。