关于测设椭圆曲线的探讨

四心圆法测设椭圆曲线会造成点位偏移，图形变形。本文借助计算机，利用累加法，解决了以弧长为已知量计算椭圆曲线坐标的问题。     

矢量曲线的特征点提取

讨论了矢量曲线数据压缩的问题，介绍了Douglas-Peucker法并指出了其优缺点。提出了一种改进的Douglas-Peucker法，使速度有很大提高。还提出了一种新的方法－逐点前进法。试验表明，新方法比前述方法的保真度要好，曲线起伏变化大时速度大大快于前者。     

Equivalent Permeability and Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media

The problem of calculating equivalent grid block permeability tensors for heterogeneous porous media is addressed. The homogenization method used involves solving Darcy's equation subject to linear boundary conditions with flux conservation in subregions of the reservoir and can be readily applied to unstructured grids. The resulting equivalent permeability tensor is stable as defined relative to G-convergence. It is proposed to use both conforming and mixed finite elements to solve the local problems and compute approximations from above and below of the equivalent permeability, respectively. Comparisons with results obtained using periodic, pressure and no-flux boundary conditions and the renormalization method are presented. A series of numerical examples demonstrates the effectiveness of the methodology for two-phase flow in heterogeneous reservoirs.     

深水浊积岩层序地层学研究中碳氧同位素的应用——以湖南大庸田坪剖面为例

笔者通过海平面变化曲线与碳氧同位素曲线比较，发现两者曲线基本吻合，碳同位素曲线显示的海平面变化更接近露头层序地层的海平面变化；氧同位素曲线与露头层序海平面变化大体一致。局部出现相反结论。碳同位素曲线对沉积环境变化较氧同位素曲线更敏感。通过两者曲线研究，说明运用稳定同位素曲线变化可作为浊积岩层序地层学研究的一个研究手段。     

矢量GIS平面一般曲线误差模型定位精度

基于等概率密度误差模型建模原理和数值算法,研究矢量GIS平面一般曲线误差模型定位精度,给出定位精度捕述指标,并通过实例计算与分析,得出使川误差模型平均带宽比使用误差模型面积更能反应一般曲线的真实精度的结论,便于指导生产与应用。     

fx-4500P计算器在道路施工测量中的应用

给出了在道路施工测量中常用的fx-4500P计算程序。并对如何利用极坐标法进行道路施工测量放样作了论述。     

GPS高程曲面拟合算法的精度分析

在GPS高程测量中需要将大地高转换为正常高。本文对GPS高程的多项式曲面拟合、多面函数拟合和移动曲面函数拟合算法进行了比较分析。结果表明,三种拟合算法均能达到四等几何水准的要求,但移动曲面拟合算法精度最高,多面函数拟合算法精度最低。     

A coupled hydromechanical system defined through rock mass classification schemes

Changes in the hydraulic conductivity field, resulting from the redistribution of stresses in fractured rock masses, are difficult to characterize due to complex nature of the coupled hydromechanical processes. A methodology is developed to predict the distributed hydraulic conductivity field based on the original undisturbed parameters of hydraulic conductivity, Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Quality Designation (RQD), and additionally the induced strains. The most obvious advantage of the methodology is that these required parameters are minimal and are readily available in practice. The incorporation of RMR and RQD, both of which have been applied to design in rock engineering for decades, enables the stress-dependent hydraulic conductivity field to be represented for a whole spectrum of rock masses. Knowledge of the RQD, together with the original hydraulic conductivity, is applied to determine the effective porosity for the fractured media. When RQD approaches zero, the rock mass is highly fractured, and fracture permeability will be relatively high. When RQD approaches 100, the degree of fracturing is minimal, and secondary porosity and secondary permeability will be low. These values bound the possible ranges in hydraulic behaviour of the secondary porosity within the system. RMR may also be applied to determine the scale effect of elastic modulus. As RMR approaches 100, the ‘softening’ effect of fractures is a minimum and results in the smallest strain-induced change in the hydraulic conductivity because the induced strain is uniformly distributed between fractures and matrix. When RMR approaches zero, the laboratory modulus must be reduced significantly in order to represent the rock mass. This results in the largest possible change in the hydraulic conductivity because the induced strain is applied entirely to the fracture system. These values of RMR bound the possible ranges in mechanical behaviour of the system. The mechanical system is coupled with the hydraulic system by two empirical parameters, RQD and RMR. The methodology has been applied to a circular underground excavation and to qualitatively explain the in situ experimental results of the macropermeability test in the drift at Stripa. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于细化分层法探讨面波频散曲线反演参数的简化

常规频散曲线反演过程中需要不停地改变分层数、层厚度和层速度等参数,实现过程相对繁琐,而采用细化分层法对反演参数进行简化则避免了上述缺点。具体思路为：根据目的层探测深度（如20m）将地下介质分为若干个（20个）厚度为1m的薄层和1个均匀半空间层（共21层）,这样在反演中分层数和层厚度均为已知参量,反演过程只需修改速度参数即可,避免了改变分层数和层厚度等参数,显著简化了反演计算过程。正演计算和反演结果均表明：细化分层与实际分层计算出的频散曲线是等效的,细化分层反演结果的总体效果与真实模型非常接近,这说明细化分层方法用于频散曲线反演是切实可行且有效的;将地下介质划分为1m厚的薄层,反演后每层均可得到1个横波速度,能满足反演分辨率的要求;由于实际地下介质的速度是随深度渐变的,细化分层后比按频散曲线拐点分层（每分层的厚度可能是几米或几十米,同一分层内介质的横波速度相等）更接近实际情况。