沁水盆地南部柿庄南区块煤层气地质特征

以国家科技重大专项《山西沁水盆地南部煤层气直井开发示范工程》成果为依据,以以往的地质勘查及研究成果为参考,对沁水盆地南部柿庄南区块煤层气地质特征进行分析。分析认为南部柿庄南区块构造简单,煤变质程度高、煤层厚度大、埋深适中而且分布稳定,有利于煤层气生成,煤层吸附能力较强,储层渗透率较好,煤层气保存条件好,是沁南煤层气勘探开发最有利区块之一。开发利用该区块煤层气资源,可有效改善地区能源结构、加快区域经济发展,降低后期煤炭开发风险,具有非常可观的社会及经济效益。     

自升式钻井平台桩靴踩脚印应对措施对比研究

基于现有规范与文献研究提出的减小桩靴踩脚印附加响应的相关措施,首先基于耦合欧拉—拉格朗日(CEL)定量分析了传统纺锤形桩靴与新型桩靴在不同工况条件下插桩时桩靴地基土体相互作用机制,明确了最不利桩靴踩脚印工况时的插桩偏心距与桩坑深度。基于该最不利工况条件,对比分析了新型六孔莲蓬形桩靴、试踩法与地基钻孔法3种桩靴踩脚印应对措施的适用性与有效性。结果表明,相较于传统纺锤形桩靴,采用六孔莲蓬形桩靴使桩靴倾斜角与桩腿偏移距分别降低了33.13%和48.26%,说明结构在位稳定性更高。此外,通过对比分析得出,采用最佳设置方式进行试踩与钻孔处理后再进行桩靴贯入时,桩靴受到的水平滑动力峰值与桩腿RP₁处弯矩峰值相较于未处理时分别降低了29.47%、29.17%、34.7%、37.7%。可见,3种应对措施均能有效降低桩靴踩脚印后产生的不利影响,提高桩靴结构的在位稳定性。以最终减小不利附加响应程度作为评定标准：地基钻孔法>新型六孔莲蓬形桩靴>试踩法,由于地基钻孔法与试踩法均需增设额外机械设备及施工工序,大幅提高了工程造价,因此,在实际工程中,需要根据实际情况恰当选择应对措施。研究成果可为实际工程中应对桩靴踩脚印工况响应提供一定参考与借鉴。     

Ecological Modernization or Aristocratic Conservation? Exploring the Impact of Affluence on Carbon Emissions at the Local Level

Social scientists have debated how affluence impacts carbon emissions at the national level. We conduct an exploratory study at the subnational level to expose another dimension of the affluence–emissions debate. Based on the notion of aristocratic conservation, we hypothesize that affluence is positively related to carbon emissions from consumption activities but negatively related to emissions from production activities. We test these hypotheses using county-level data in the United States for the year 2002. A spatial regression analysis demonstrates that median household income is positively associated with consumption-based emissions; nevertheless, we find evidence of an environmental inequality Kuznets curve in the relationship between median household income and production-based emissions. This finding suggests that the wealthiest counties are able to displace certain types of emissions, specifically those related to energy and industrial production. We discuss the theoretical and political implications of these results.     

辽河三角洲滨海湿地含水层水文地质参数获取的试验研究

抽水试验是获取水文地质参数的重要方法,为准确获取辽河三角洲滨海湿地潜水含水层的渗透系数,进行了一个抽水孔、两个观测孔的抽水试验。根据单孔抽水试验和多孔抽水试验观测数据,采用潜水非完整井求参公式、巴布什金公式及积分变换等方法计算含水层渗透系数。结果表明,用不同方法计算得出的含水层渗透系数值相差不大。通过试验测定PJ01井组潜水含水层渗透系数为1.15 m/d,PJ03井组潜水含水层渗透系数为0.74 m/d。     

长三角制造业转型升级的粘性机理及其实现路径——基于“微笑曲线”成因的视角

利用"微笑曲线"指导制造业的转型升级已经成了众多研究者的选择,且得出的结论基本都是制造业要转型升级就要向两端攀升,而对"微笑曲线"成因的研究则较为鲜见。用创新论、劳动论、市场论阐释了"微笑曲线"的成因,并以此作为突破影响长三角制造业转型升级粘性的基础理论,指出长三角制造业转型升级的路径为:遵循竞争优势理论,针对应该重点发展的制造业,根据劳动的复杂程度以及产品是否有标准接口对制造业进行分类,继续做好做优精细复杂的行业、转移出去粗放简单的行业,同时,还应该积极促进产业融合,发展新兴产业,在积累的基础上实现转型升级。     

The total operating characteristic to measure diagnostic ability for multiple thresholds

The relative operating characteristic (ROC) is a popular statistical method to measure the association between observed and diagnosed presence of a characteristic. The diagnosis of presence or absence depends on whether the value of an index variable is above a threshold. ROC considers multiple possible thresholds. Each threshold generates a two-by-two contingency table, which contains four central entries: hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections. ROC reveals for each threshold only two ratios, hits/(hits + misses) and false alarms/(false alarms + correct rejections). This article introduces the total operating characteristic (TOC), which shows the total information in the contingency table for each threshold. TOC maintains desirable properties of ROC, while TOC reveals strictly more information than ROC in a manner that makes TOC more useful than ROC. We illustrate the concepts with an application to land change science.     

东海深井高温高压低孔渗储层钻井技术研究与应用

随着近年东海勘探工作量的迅速增加,钻井深度越来越深,面临着深层高温高压低孔渗地层钻井的一些重大技术难题.针对遇到的难题,分析研究了钻井技术和工艺,主要包括深部复杂压力体系井身结构优化、构建储层保护和井壁稳定性能良好的低自由水钻井液体系、高压低孔渗储层防气窜固井工艺技术、分井段钻井提速配套技术.研究成果应用表明,该套技术较好地解决了钻井过程中出现的问题,保护了储层,提高了时效,满足了产能测试的要求.     

Extensional deformation structures within a convergent orogen: The Val di Lima low-angle normal fault system (Northern Apennines,Italy)

A low-angle extensional fault system affecting the non metamorphic rocks of the carbonate dominated Tuscan succession is exposed in the Lima valley (Northern Apennines, Italy). This fault system affects the right-side-up limb of a kilometric-scale recumbent isoclinal anticline and is, in turn, affected by superimposed folding and late-tectonic high-angle extensional faulting.The architecture of the low-angle fault system has been investigated through detailed structural mapping and damage zone characterization. Pressure-depth conditions and paleofluid evolution of the fault system have been studied through microstructural, mineralogical, petrographic, fluid inclusion and stable isotope analyses. Our results show that the low-angle fault system was active during exhumation of the Tuscan succession at about 180°C and 5 km depth, with the involvement of low-salinity fluids. Within this temperature - depth framework, the fault zone architecture shows important differences related to the different lithologies involved in the fault system and to the role played by the fluids during deformation. In places, footwall overpressuring influenced active deformation mechanisms and favored shear strain localization.Our observations indicate that extensional structures affected the central sector of the Northern Apennines thrust wedge during the orogenic contractional history, modifying the fluid circulation through the upper crust and influencing its mechanical behavior.     

黔西地区煤层埋深与地应力对其渗透性控制机制

基于黔西六盘水煤田和织纳煤田16口井36层次的试井资料, 采用地质统计分析等方法, 探讨了黔西地区煤储层渗透性的展布规律与地应力特征, 论证了煤层埋深与地应力对其渗透性的控制机制.研究表明, 研究区煤储层以特低渗-低渗透率储层(＜0.1×10-9m2)为主, 中渗透率储层(0.1×10-9~1.0×10-9m2)也占有相当大比例; 应力场类型在浅部表现为大地动力场型, 一定深度可能转化为准静水压力状态.煤储层渗透率及其埋深的负幂指数关系较为离散, 但在不同深度渗透率转折点与地应力场类型转变一致; 单井煤储层试井渗透率差异较大, 随地应力增大和埋深增加而降低, 平面展布受地应力强度控制由SW-NE具"低-高-低"发育规律.埋深对渗透率的控制实质是地应力的控制, 区域构造位置及其所处高应力场作用下的煤体形变与破碎致使孔裂隙压缩或闭合是该区渗透性差异的主要控制机制.      

典型曲线法在山东龙口软岩煤矿区开采沉陷预测中的应用

为丰富矿区开采沉陷的预计方法,提高预测的精度,在综合大量文献的基础上,提出了典型曲线法。典型曲线法避免了由理论模型的假设和简化而造成预计公式的误差,提高了预计的精度,通过开发预计程序,方便了数据的处理,实现了典型曲线法沉陷预计的电算化。以山东龙口软岩矿区为例,详细介绍了典型曲线的建立和应用方法,预计结果和实测最大下沉值的绝对偏差为9mm,相对误差为1.1%。