论石英双晶的复杂性

石英双晶的复杂性远远超出了人们的想象。首先介绍了石英的11种双晶律,然后介绍测试鉴定石英双晶律的各种方法及存在的局限性,综述了近年来石英双晶与温压条件关系、晶格结构匹配理论方面的研究成果,最后结合我们近期用EBSD对岩石中石英双晶的观察、测试结果,指出存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

双线盾构施工时邻近地下管线安全性判别

研究双线盾构隧道施工时邻近地下管线的安全性判别方法。基于Winker弹性地基梁模型,考虑管土效应,建立连续管线应变与地表沉降关系式;假设管线位移与土体位移相同,建立非连续管线接头转角与地表沉降关系式;同时考虑管线老化,定义与时间相关的折减系数,建立一种通过测量地表沉降值即可判断管线安全性的方法。当管线应变或接头转角为安全允许值时,对应的地表沉降即为控制值。施工时,若地表沉降超过该值,则表明管线存在危险。该方法将不易监测的管线状态转化为可见的地表沉降。研究结果表明：预测值与实测值的对比说明了所提方法具有可靠性;双线隧道水平间距L值对地表沉降控制值的影响非常大。当L较小时,最大值出现在两隧道中轴线处;当L较大时,最大值出现在隧道轴线上方附近处;随着L的增大,最大控制值逐渐减小。     

Reliability assessment of ultimate limit state of twin caverns

Construction of a cavern in close proximity to an existing cavern modifies the state of stresses and movements in a zone around the existing cavern, as some degree of interaction between these two caverns generally takes place. This study investigates the interaction of two parallel caverns and the influence of such interaction on stress-induced global stability in terms of a global factor of safety. A series of finite difference analyses were performed to derive the global factor of safety of a system of two parallel and adjacent caverns. A mathematical response surface model was then built using the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) approach and a series of charts based on this surrogate model were developed to relate the global factor of safety to the critical parameters. The built MARS model is of high accuracy and is simple to interpret and can be used to perform probabilistic assessment of ultimate limit state of twin caverns.     

Twin lintel belt in steel for seismic strengthening of brick masonry buildings

A single-room, single-storey full-scale brick masonry building with precast RC roofing system was tested thric eunder displacement controlled lateral cyclic loading, to assess the effectiveness of the basic repair and seismic strengthening techniques. Initially, the virgin building specimen was loaded laterally to failure, In the second stage, the damaged building was repaired by stitching across the cracks, and tested under the same lateral loading. In the third stage, the twice-damaged structure was repaired once more by stitching and strengthened by twin lintel belt in steel and vertical corner reinforcement,and re-tested. The building strengthened by twin lintel belt in steel showed about 28% higher strength under lateral loading than the virgin building.     

复式钢管混凝土外肋环板节点抗剪承载力研究

在已有理论和试验研究的基础上,对复式钢管混凝土外肋环板节点的抗剪受力性能进行分析。建立了节点核心区的抗剪受力模型,将节点域抗剪贡献分为三部分:节点域内外钢管腹板的抗剪贡献、节点主要连接件竖向肋板与锚固腹板的抗剪贡献以及节点域混凝土的抗剪贡献,推导了复式钢管混凝土柱节点屈服抗剪承载力和极限抗剪承载力的计算公式,为复式钢管混凝土柱节点的工程设计提供承载力计算方法。理论得到的节点屈服剪力和极限剪力值与试验结果进行了对比,并提出抗剪能力储备系数这一新指标反映节点的抗剪切破坏能力,量化地解释了节点发生梁铰破坏后抗剪能力的安全储备。得出此类新型节点在破坏时抗剪储备能力充足,可保证节点达到良好延性的破坏模式,说明节点设计符合强剪弱弯的抗震设计原则。     

新型双船起重拆除平台试验研究

拆除大型海上结构物是一项非常复杂且充满挑战的工程。现提出一种新型海上平台拆除方案,该方案利用三条半潜船来代替具有重型起重装置的单一船舶,通过两艘相同的半潜船将平台上层建筑托起,随后运至第三艘半潜船上完成平台拆除。在风浪流作用下,半潜船和平台的所处方位和运动姿态一直处于动态变化中,这对船舶调节压载的稳定性以及双船运动的同步性提出了要求。为了确保该方案的高效性和安全性,设计了一套完整的模型试验装置,包括船舶模型、平台拆卸辅助设备、六自由度运动采集与分析系统、控制系统、无线通讯系统以及测量系统。开展了相应的水池试验,试验结果验证了双船起重拆除平台方案中双船协同运输这一关键环节的可行性和安全性。     

基于准连续介质方法模拟纳米多晶体Ni中裂纹的扩展

通过准连续介质方法模拟了纳米多晶体Ni中裂纹的扩展过程.模拟结果显示:裂纹尖端的应力场可以导致晶界分解、层错和变形孪晶的形成等塑性形变;在距离裂纹尖端越远的位置,变形孪晶越少;在裂纹尖端附近相同距离处,层错要远多于变形孪晶.这反映了局部应力的变化以及广义平面层错能对变形孪晶的影响.计算了裂纹尖端附近区域原子级局部静水应力的分布.计算结果表明:裂纹前端晶界处容易产生细微空洞,这些空洞附近为张应力集中区,并可能促使裂纹沿着晶界扩展.模拟结果定性地反映了纳米多晶体Ni中的裂纹扩展过程,并与相关实验结果符合得很好     

面向数字孪生城市的自然场景构造方法

自然场景内要素种类繁多、结构复杂,在数字孪生城市中还原自然场景具有挑战性。数字孪生城市中的自然场景不仅要使用高逼真的三维模型,还要能表现自然环境中要素的生长过程、结构组成和分布规律,同时满足不同尺度下的场景变换,构造出既符合空间分布规律又具有沉浸式体验的场景。本文从自然场景构造过程的角度分析了场景构造的4个关键技术问题,回顾了目前场景要素建模和场景构造方法,并提出了一种面向数字孪生城市的自然场景构造技术框架。     

Experimental study on the performance of twin plate breakwater

The wave transmission characteristics and wave induced pressures on twin plate breakwater are investigated experimentally in regular and random waves.A total of twenty pressure transducers are fixed on four surfaces of twin plate to measure the wave induced dynamic pressures.The spatial distribution of dynamic wave pressure is given along the surface of the twin plate.The uplift wave force obtained by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure along the structure is presented.Discussed are the influence of different incident wave parameters including the relative plate width B /L,relative wave height /i H a and relative submergence depth s /a on the non-dimensional dynamic wave pressures and total wave forces.From the investigation,it is found that the optimum transmission coefficient,t K occurs around B /L 0.41 ~ 0.43,and the twin plate breakwater is more effective in different water depths.The maximum of pressure ratio decreases from 1.8 to 1.1 when the relative submergence depth of top plate is increased from 0.8to +0.8.     

Development of regional simulation of seismic ground‐motion and induced liquefaction enhanced by GPU computing

Much research has been conducted for physics‐based ground‐motion simulation to reproduce seismic response of soil and structures precisely and to mitigate damages caused by earthquakes. We aimed at enabling physics‐based ground‐motion simulations of complex three‐dimensional (3D) models with multiple materials, such as a digital twin (high‐fidelity 3D model of the physical world that is constructed in cyberspace). To perform one case of such simulation requires high computational cost and it is necessary to perform a number of simulations for the estimation of parameters or consideration of the uncertainty of underground soil structure data. To overcome this problem, we proposed a fast simulation method using graphics processing unit computing that enables a simulation with small computational resources. We developed a finite‐element‐based method for large‐scale 3D seismic response analysis with small programming effort and high maintainability by using OpenACC, a directive‐based parallel programming model. A lower precision variable format was introduced to achieve further speeding up of the simulation. For an example usage of the developed method, we applied the developed method to soil liquefaction analysis and conducted two sets of simulations that compared the effect of countermeasures against soil liquefaction: grid‐form ground improvement to strengthen the earthquake resistance of existing houses and replacement of liquefiable backfill soil of river wharves for seismic reinforcement of the wharf structure. The developed method accelerates the simulation and enables us to quantitatively estimate the effect of countermeasures using the high‐fidelity 3D soil‐structure models on a small cluster of computers.