磷矿粉复合保水材料的制备及性能研究

研究以过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为主要原料,经部分酸化和无机材料改性处理的活化磷矿粉为主要添加原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备活化磷矿粉/PAA-AM复合保水材料。进而探讨活化磷矿粉添加量、中和度、交联剂和引发剂用量对复合保水剂吸液性能的影响。当中和度为70%、活化磷矿粉、交联剂、引发剂添加量分别为单体的45%,0.04%,0.5%时,所得复合保水材料吸蒸馏水、自来水、生理盐水倍率分别为390倍,200倍,62倍。通过释磷性能研究表明该复合材料具有较好的可持续供磷性能、有利于改良土壤、改善土壤的缺磷状况。同时,还通过谱学分析(XRD和F-IR),探讨该复合材料的释磷机理。     

Management of coral reefs: where we have gone wrong and what we can do about it

Globally, our current management of coral reefs is inadequate and becoming more so as we place new and greater stresses on these ecosystems. The future looks very dim, and yet we have the capacity to do a far more effective job of reef management if we want to. Making substantial improvements to the condition of these enormously valuable coastal marine ecosystems does not require new scientific discoveries, but a new commitment to apply the knowledge we already possess to manage our impacts so that sustainability becomes possible.     

中国内陆河流域植被对气候变化的敏感性差异(英文)

Terrestrial ecosystem and climate system are closely related to each other. Faced with the unavoidable global climate change, it is important to investigate terrestrial ecosystem responding to climate change. In inland river basin of arid and semi-arid regions in China, sensitivity difference of vegetation responding to climate change from 1998 to 2007 was analyzed in this paper. (1) Differences in the global spatio-temporal distribution of vegetation and climate are obvious. The vegetation change shows a slight degradation in this whole region. Degradation is more obvious in densely vegetated areas. Temperature shows a gen-eral downward trend with a linear trend coefficient of -1.1467. Conversely, precipitation shows an increasing trend with a linear trend coefficient of 0.3896. (2) About the central tendency response, there are similar features in spatial distribution of both NDVI responding to precipitation (NDVI-P) and NDVI responding to AI (NDVI-AI), which are contrary to that of NDVI responding to air temperature (NDVI-T). Typical sensitivity region of NDVI-P and NDVI-AI mainly covers the northern temperate arid steppe and the northern temperate desert steppe. NDVI-T typical sensitivity region mainly covers the northern temperate desert steppe. (3) Regarding the fluctuation amplitude response, NDVI-T is dominated by the lower sensi-tivity, typical regions of the warm temperate shrubby, selui-shrubby, bare extreme dry desert, and northern temperate meadow steppe in the east and temperate semi-shrubby, dwarf ar-boreous desert in the north are high response. (4) Fluctuation amplitude responses between NDVI-P and NDVI-AI present a similar spatial distribution. The typical sensitivity region mainly covers the northern temperate desert steppe. There are various linear change trend re-sponses of NDVI-T, NDVI-P and NDVI-AI. As to the NDVI-T and NDVI-AI, which are influ-enced by the boundary effect of semi-arid and semi-humid climate zones, there is less cor-relation of their linear change tendency along the border. There is stronger correlation in other regions, especially in the NDVI-T in the northern temperate desert steppe and NDVI-AI in the warm temperate shrubby, selui-shrubby, bare, extreme and dry desert.     

克隆整合有利于喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)入侵

多数恶性入侵水生植物都是克隆植物,阐明克隆整合属性对其潜在入侵性的影响对了解其入侵机制具有重要意义.以喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)为研究对象,研究其克隆整合(匍匐茎连接)对入侵本地黄花水龙(Ludwigia peploides)种群时的光合性能、生长、竞争力和资源分配的影响,探讨克隆整合对该植物入侵性的贡献.结果表明,竞争显著降低了喜旱莲子草的光系统Ⅱ最大量子产量、总生物量、分株数和总匍匐茎长;但克隆整合却显著促进了竞争环境中喜旱莲子草的生长,提高了其光合特性、根冠比以及对本地物种的竞争力,因而有利于其入侵性的增强.     

汶川地震中某RC框架结构的震害分析与模拟

2008年5月12日,四川省汶川县发生里氏8.0级地震,造成了巨大的人员伤亡以及工程结构震害。本文基于江油市某RC框架结构的震害调查,分析了该框架结果出现底层"薄弱层"和"强梁弱柱"的破坏机制的主要原因。采用该框架结构附近三个台站的主震加速度记录作为输入开展了非线性地震反应分析。研究表明,填充墙的竖向不均匀布置改变了框架的抗侧刚度分布,造成底层薄弱层的破坏现象。底层柱子的轴压比相对较大,塑性变形能力及耗能能力相对较差,使得底层柱的变形量更容易达到其塑性变形极限而发生破坏。由于现浇楼板对梁刚度和抗弯承载力的增强,框架结构很难出现规范中"强柱弱梁"的破坏机制。结构基本周期对应的加速度反应谱值是决定结构地震反应的主要参数,基本周期加速度反应谱值的增加会导致结构塑性铰的迅速发展,造成结构出现柱铰机构而整体失稳倒塌。建议设计框架结构时,尽量避免填充墙的不均匀布置。适当增加底层柱的截面面积和配筋率,降低轴压比以保证良好的延性。梁端负向抗弯承载力计算时采用T型截面,并考虑一定范围内楼板配筋的影响。     

钢管混凝土柱-钢筋混凝土环扁梁节点性能试验研究

本文进行了钢管混凝土柱-钢筋混凝土环扁梁节点的静载和低周反复荷载试验,分析了节点的破坏形态、承载能力、延性、耗能能力等性能。本次试验结果显示,钢管混凝土核心区未发生屈服破坏情况,塑性铰产生于扁梁和环扁梁交界处(静载)和环扁梁上(低周反复荷载),环扁梁与钢管混凝土柱间未发生明显滑移现象;试验节点连接可靠,具有较好的承载力、延性以及耗能能力,能够满足延性抗震设计要求。     

船姿分析及其对多波束测量的影响

根据船体操纵性和耐波性理论,结合船姿实验数据,分析了姿态参数的外界受动因素。考虑船姿对多波束测量的影响,结合多波束测量原理,分析了不同姿态对坐标的影响,给出了相应的坐标计算和误差影响数学模型,最后根据姿态测量误差对测深的影响,结合IHO测深规定,计算出了不同姿态测量的精度指标;分析了姿态测量误差对条带拼接的影响,并提出了相应的解决方法。     

博物馆文化展演与城市记忆活化传承 ——基于旅游留言档案的文本分析

通过对广州南越王博物馆2015年1月至2017年7月期间的1 294条旅游留言档案（线下留言207条,线上留言1 087条）的文本分析,发现建筑遗址、文物遗产、解说系统和游客参与共同构成了博物馆文化展演的“舞台”“道具”“演员”和“观众”维度因素体系,“建筑遗址”通过真实遗址和现代展馆构建了满足观众对历史文化想象的“舞台”,“文物遗产”和“解说系统”分别以静态和动态的方式将城市记忆内涵进行解构,最后“游客参与”使记忆主体发挥能动性,完成自身对记忆内涵的再编码,实现城市记忆的建构和传承,因此这4个因素在城市记忆构建过程中分别发挥了唤醒、强化、活化和传承作用,构建了博物馆城市记忆链,并进一步强调了记忆主体感知行为、博物馆文化原真特性对于文化展演和记忆传承效果的重要影响。     

The Earliest Onset Areas and Mechanism of the Tropical Asian Summer Monsoon

The multi-yearly averaged pentad meteorological fields at 850 hPa of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dada and the TBB fields of the Japan Meteorological Agency during 1980-1994 are analyzed. It is found that if the pentad is taken as the time unit of the monsoon onset, then the tropical Asian summer monsoon (TASM) onsets earliest, simultaneously and abruptly over the whole area in the Bay of Bengal (BOB), the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP), and the South China Sea (SCS), east of 90°E, in the 27th to 28th pentads of a year (Pentads 3 to 4 in May), while it onsets later in the India Peninsula (IP) and the Arabian Sea (AS), west of 90°E. The TASM bursts first at the south end of the IP in the 30th to 31st pentads near 10°N, and advances gradually northward to the whole area, by the end of June. Analysis of the possible mechanism depicts that the rapid changes of the surface sensible heat flux, air temperature, and pressure in spring and early summer in the middle to high latitudes of the East Asian continent between 100°E and 120癊are crucially responsible for the earliest onset of the TASM in the BOB to the SCS areas. It is their rapid changes that induce a continental depression to form and break through the high system of pressure originally located in the above continental areas. The low depression in turn introduces the southwesterly to come into the BOB to the SCS areas, east of 90°E, and thus makes the SCS summer monsoon (SCSSM) burst out earliest in Asia. In the IP to the AS areas, west of 90°E, the surface sensible heat flux almost does not experience obvious change during April and May, which makes the tropical Indian summer monsoon (TISM) onset later than the SCSSM by about a month. Therefore, it is concluded that the meridian of 90°E is the demarcation line between the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM, i.e., the TISM) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM, including the SCSSM). Besides, the temporal relations between the TASM onset and the seasonal variation of the South Asian high (SAH) are discussed, too, and it is found that there are good relations between the monsoon onset time and the SAH center positions. When the SAH center advances to north of 20°N, the SCSSM onsets, and to north of 25°N, the TISM onsets at its south end. Comparison between the onset time such determined and that with other methodologies shows fair consistency in the SCS area and some differences in the IP area.     

西北地区夏季降水异常的时空特征分析

本文使用西北地区95个测站，时间序列为1960-2000年共41年的加密测站资料，运用旋转经验正交函数分解（REOF）以及功率谱分析等方法，对西北地区夏季降水的时空特征及其演变规律进行了诊断分析，结果表明：西北地区夏季降水区域性较强，存在多时空尺度特征，且平均具有准3年和4.8年的周期变化。将西北地区夏季水异常区域划分为4个区后可见，北疆地区夏季降水的周期振荡最接近平均状况，南疆降水异常区次之，相比之下青海异常降水区解释方差最小，同时发现，在近41年来，西北地区夏季降水的平均状况是80年代以前多数年份降水偏少，干旱性强，80年代以后整个西北地区夏季降水则有增多的趋势；分区分析后表现为：北疆区和南疆区从80年代后期开始降水增多，内蒙古西部地区90年代以后降水增多，而东北高原区夏季除70年代到80年代中期降水偏多外，其前和其后降水都偏少。