厄尔尼诺现象和浙江近海鲐鲹鱼渔获量变化关系──长江口ENSO渔场学问题之二

本文研究浙江近海1970年到1992年鲐鱼渔获量变化与Elnino现象的关系，结合捕捞强度，长江中下游汛期（4—9月）降水量距平年际变化综合分析，探讨浙江近海鲐鱼渔获量变动规律，为合理开发渔业资源提供科学依据。     

Dynamic Response Behaviors of Upright Breakwaters Under Breaking Wave Impact

- The dynamic response behaviors of upright breakwaters under broken wave impact are analysed based on the mass-damper-spring dynamic system model. The effects of the mass, damping, stiffness, natural period, and impulse duration (or oscillation period) on the translation, rotation, sliding force, overturning moment, and corresponding dynamic amplifying factors are studied. It is concluded that the ampli-ying factors only depend on the ratio of the system natural period to impulse duration (or oscillation period) under a certain damping ratio. Moreover, the equivalent static approach to breakwater design is also discussed.     

An Experi mental Study on Wave-Induced Dynamic Stresses in Seabed

1 .IntroductionEvery year ,Taiwanis subjectedtotwo or three typhoonintrusions in average which always causedisasters . Most of the disasters which occur around the coastal zone are due to seabed instability andcoastal structure destruction caused bytyphoo…     

一类全局最优化问题的动态隧道方法

研究了连续变量函数的全局最优化问题 ,给出了动态隧道方法。该动态隧道方法由局部搜索和动态隧道 2个阶段构成。在局部搜索阶段用了动态系统方法。对全局最优化问题的实例进行了数值实验 ,数值结果表明了该方法的稳健性和有效性。     

Effect of Sea Level Variation on Tidal Characteristic Values for the East China Sea

1 .IntroductionTheglobalairtemperatureroseabout 0 .5～ 0 .6°Coverthepast 2 0thcentury ,andtheglobalmeansealevelincreasedbyabout2 0cmduringtheperiod .Theregionalmeansealevelriseswiththerisingglobalmeansealevel.Zuoetal.( 1 997)indicatedthatthemeanrisingrateofabsolutemeansealevelalongtheChinacoastontheassumptionofunifiedisostaticdatumis 2mm a .Woodworth( 1 999)analyzedsealevelspanning 1 76 8tothepresentinLiverpool,andobtainedaseculartrendforheperiodupto 1 880of0 .39± 0 .1 7mm a ,andatrendfort…     

五个短蛸群体等位基因酶的遗传变异

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了山东沿海莱州（LZ），烟台（YT）、青岛（QD），日照（RZ）和大连（DL）五地短蛸自然群体的等位基因酶遗传变异。分析了AAT，ALP，EST，GRS，G6PD，SDH，CAT，SOD，IDH，GPI，PGM，G3PD，MPI，ME，MDH，CK，AK等同工酶在短蛸外套肌和肝脏组织中的表达情况，并对同工酶进行了生化遗传分析，LZ，YT，QD，RZ，DL五个群体的多态位点比例分别为15％，5％，10%,10%,10%(P0．99），群体平均杂合度观测值分别为0．024，0．001，0．009，0．007，0．006，平均位点有效等位基因数分别为1．200，1．022，1．061，1．103，1．077。结果表明，LZ群体的遗传多样性较高，同时，各群体中普遍存在杂合子缺失现象，对五个群体的遗传距离进行聚类分析，构建了系统树图。     

Seasonal variations in faunal distribution and activity across the continental slope of the goban spur area (NE Atlantic)

Density, biomass and community structure of macrofauna were estimated together with several sediment characteristics at seven stations ranging from 208 m to 4460 m water depth along the OMEX transect in the Goban Spur area (NE Atlantic) during three seasons (October 1993, May 1994, and August 1995). Median grain size decreased with increasing water depth and showed no differences between the seasons. The percentages of organic carbon and total nitrogen were highest at mid-slope depths (1000 to 1500 m), and were significantly higher in August at the upper part of the slope to a depth of 1500 m. The C:N ratio in the surface layer amounted to 7 to 8 in May, 10 to 12 in August and 14 to 17 in October at all stations (except the deepest at 4460 m, where it was 11 in May and August), indicating arrival of fresh phytodetritus in May, and therefore seasonality in food input to the benthos. Densities of macrofauna decreased exponentially with increasing water depth. Significantly higher densities of macrofauna were found in May at the upper part of the slope to a depth of 1500 m. These differences were mainly due to high numbers of postlarvae of echinoids at the shallowest station and ophiuroids at the deeper stations. Biomass values also decreased with increasing water depth, but biomass was relatively high at the 1000 m station and low at 1500 m, due to relatively high and low mean weights of the individual macrofaunal specimens. No significant differences in biomass were found between the seasons. Respiration was high (15 to 20 mgC·m⁻²·d⁻¹) in May at the upper part of the slope to a depth of 1000 m and low (1–3 mg C·m⁻²·d⁻¹) at the deeper part. At the shallowest stations to a depth of 1000 m respiration was highest in May, at the mid-slope stations (1400–2200 m) it was highest in August, whereas the deepest stations (3600 to 4500 m) did not show any differences in respiration rates. In conclusion; seasonal variation in organic input is reflected in denstiy, community structure and activity of the macrofauna along the continental slope in the NE Atlantic.     

罗源湾南岸上元—坑园牡蛎礁与海平面变化

上元-坑园牡蛎礁位于高潮位以下3m,主要成分为长牡蛎和近江牡蛎,其~(14)C年龄为3043±82a,B.P.。据此推算出罗源湾一带海岸处于缓慢上升状态,速率为1.15mm/a。根据上元-坑园牡蛎礁的上述特征,并结合断块差异升降运动的表现,作者认为这一地区中、晚全新世以来以“陆动型”海平面变化占主导地位。     

对虾封闭式工厂化养殖水环境要素的变化特征及其相互关系

根据2002年8月7～8日对虾工厂化养成中后期A、B代表池的实测数据，分析讨论了该时期养殖水体中环境要素的变化特征及其相互关系．结果表明：研究水体水温、盐度和溶解氧含量适宜．日变化幅度不大．但pH值略为偏低，而COD值明显偏高．与该时期投饵量大，残饵及排泄物明显增加有关．但对A池来说，生物作用的影响占主导地位，而对B池而言．则以化学过程影响为主．