Study on Ship Automatic Berthing System with Mooring Lines

This study describes an automatic berthing system with mooring lines. It is designed to be berthed by using mooring device on the upper deck of a ship. It is to berth once maintaining parallel with the quay by controlling both forward and aft breast lines. Berthing method is used through length adjustment of mooring lines connected between ship and quay by controlling the angular velocity and the torque of hydraulic motor in mooring device. The study is conducted under three changing conditions of draft, such as even-keel, rise of the gravity center and trim to stern. Variables affecting berthing stability are determined based on the control performance of each condition. Bond graphs method is used to model the system. Controller is designed as PID control method of reference-model algorithm. The control program is composed of synchronous control system based on the equations derived with the numerical analysis. The tank test is conducted to verify the usefulness of the control program.     

含双裂隙岩石裂纹演化机理的离散元数值分析

采用离散单元法探讨了预制双裂隙岩石的裂纹演化机理。用近期从试验资料提取的无胶结厚度含抗转动能力的岩石微观力学模型和相应的离散单元法商业软件,模拟了含不同预制倾角的双裂隙岩石试样在单轴压缩作用下裂纹的扩展与贯通规律,揭示了裂纹演化的宏微观机理。同时,将离散元法DEM岩石试样的裂纹的扩展和贯通规律以及强度特性与室内试验结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,预制裂隙之间以及端点处的拉应力集中是导致裂隙岩石破坏的主要原因,且DEM数值试验得到裂纹的演化规律与室内试验结果较为一致。含30°的预制裂隙的岩石试样最容易起裂,含75°的预制裂隙的岩石试样最困难起裂,造成此种现象的原因可能是裂纹在垂直于主应力方向上的长度不同导致试样受拉区域大小不同。     

Study of bond stress–slip relationship and radial dilation in prestressed concrete

This paper presents two test procedures for evaluating the bond stress–slip and the slip–radial dilation relationships when the prestressing force is transmitted by releasing the steel (wire or strand) in precast prestressed elements. The bond stress–slip relationship is obtained with short length specimens, to guarantee uniform bond stress, for three depths of the wire indentation (shallow, medium and deep). An analytical model for bond stress–slip relationship is proposed and compared with the experimental results. The model is also compared with the experimental results of other researchers. Since numerical models for studying bond‐splitting problems in prestressed concrete require experimental data about dilatancy angle (radial dilation), a test procedure is proposed to evaluate these parameters. The obtained values of the radial dilation are compared with the prior estimated by numerical modelling and good agreement is reached. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Organic pollutants associated with macromolecular soil organic matter: Mode of binding

A study of ether-linked moieties in macromolecular bound residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) generated in bioremediation experiments was performed using high temperature hydrolysis degradation with subsequent analysis of the products by GC-MS. This hydrolysis reaction was specifically designed to cleave ether bonds including relatively stable diarylether structures. Among the reaction products, aromatic alcohols representing typical microbiologically derived metabolites of PAH were found in addition to natural compounds. Thus, parts of the bound residues appeared to be linked within the macromolecular material by ether bonds. Model experiments with an oxidoreductase enzyme and aromatic alcohols indicate the formation of these ether bonds to be an enzyme-catalysed process.     

Identification and occurrence of novel C36–C54 3,4-dialkylthiophenes with an unusual carbon skeleton in immature sediments

A series of novel long-chain 3,4-dialkylthiophenes (C₃₆–C₅₄) was identified in a number of sediments ranging from Pleistocene to Cretaceous. The identifications were based on mass spectral characterisation, desulphurisation and mass spectral data of synthesised model compounds. These organic sulphur compounds are probably formed by sulphur incorporation into mid-chain dimethylalkadienes with two methylenic double bonds. These putative precursor lipids are unprecedented and may be considered rather unusual. The distribution of 3,4-dialkylthiophenes in sediments varies considerably with the depositional palaeoenvironment, indicating that these compounds have a potential as molecular markers reflecting changes in palaeoenvironment.     

Bond—Valence Sum and Distortion of Coordination Polyhedra

By using the Lagrange‘s intermediate value theorem,it is derived mathematically that the structur-al distortion of a coordination polyhedron may lead to an increase in bond-valence sum of the cen-tral atom of ion .The applicabilities of the bond-valence model are discussed in the following two cases:the modeling of crystal structure ,and the indication of distortion degree of a coordination polyhedron.Also it is shown that a distorted polyhedron should be in favor of a longer average bond length or a smaller coordination number.     

Cohesive‐frictional model for bond and splitting action of prestressing wire

This paper presents a numerical procedure for bond between indented wires and concrete, and the coupled splitting process of the surrounding concrete. The bond model is an interface, non‐associative, plasticity model. It is coupled with a cohesive fracture model for concrete to take into account the splitting of such concrete. Bond between steel and concrete is fundamental for the transmission of stresses between both materials in precast prestressed concrete. Indented wires are used to improve the bond in these structural elements. The radial component of the prestressing force, increased by Poisson's effect, may split the surrounding concrete, decreasing the wire confinement and diminishing the bonding. The combined action of the bond and the splitting is studied with the proposed model. The results of the numerical model are compared with the results of a series of tests, such as those which showed splitting induced by the bond between wire and concrete. Tests with different steel indentation depths were performed. The numerical procedure accurately reproduces the experimental records and improves knowledge of this complex process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

结构性软土的黏滞系数

黏滞系数是表征土的蠕变和流动特性的重要指标。对黄石、漳州、青岛地区结构性软土进行电子显微镜扫描、颗粒分析、X衍射试验和化学分析试验,测试结果表明,软土的粒度成分、矿物成分、物理化学性质、结构类型对黏滞系数影响较大。软土蠕变过程中,结构单元体发生定向排列或产生滑动,其相对运动使结合水的黏滞性反映出来,进而引起黏滞系数的变化。进行直接剪切蠕变试验,并通过陈氏法处理蠕变试验数据。试验结果表明,黏滞系数随剪应力的增加达到峰值,固结压力越大,峰值体现越明显,峰值对应的剪应力也越大,这主要是微观结构随剪应力增大逐渐破损所引起的。固结压力增大,结合水膜厚度变薄,土颗粒间连接力增强,黏滞系数也随之增大。用不同固结压力下黏滞系数峰值对应的剪应力代替临界抗剪强度,提出了一个新的求取长期强度的方法,并通过试验数据验证了方法的正确性。该研究有助于进一步认清蠕变机制,对修正或建立较为符合实际的本构模型有一定意义。     

赣南富城花岗岩中显微-超显微晶质铀矿的厘定及成因

通过显微镜下观察和电子探针成分分析,厘定了存在于赣南富城强过铝质产铀花岗岩黑云母、白云母、长石中的显微晶质铀矿。根据其成分及矿物组合特征并结合U-Pb同位素年龄测定判明其属原生成因。此外,采用核诱发裂变径迹法,根据白云母探测器上存在的星点状裂变径迹中心,判断造岩矿物(长石、石英)中可能存在超显微级的晶质铀矿核晶。花岗岩中原生晶质铀矿的存在一方面印证了U在Si-O聚合程度增高的花岗岩浆中易与O2-结合形成铀-氧配位多面体的化学键能理论,另一方面也成为花岗岩具有较高产铀能力的地球化学标志之一。     

含金络合离子[Au(Sb_2S_4)]~-在高岭石表面吸附的量子化学研究

用离散变分Xα 量子化学计算方法 ,研究了络合离子 [Au(Sb2 S4) ]-吸附在粘土矿物高岭石晶体边缘时 ,它们之间的化学键性质。根据所选用的络合离子 [Au(Sb2 S4) ]-处于基面及侧面不同位置的 10个模型的计算结果 ,表明当络合离子 [Au(Sb2 S4) ]-位于高岭石晶片的侧面时 ,比其位于基面时更为稳定 ,而且与高岭石晶片侧面中的O形成共价键。