甘肃玉门昌马地区的蓝闪片岩

蓝闪片岩产于一套含放射虫硅质岩、硅质大理岩、板岩、变质基性火山岩中,与此相伴的超基性岩块,以一系列向南逆冲的断片产出。蓝闪片岩中的蓝闪石往往和黑硬绿泥石、钠长石、绿泥石以及钠钙闪石(蓝透闪石、冻蓝闪石等)、钙闪石(阳起石等)共存。据钠角闪石、绿泥石计算的生成压力是0.65GPa至0.8GPa,略大于美国佛兰西斯科的瓦尔德溪蓝片岩中该矿物对生成的压力。稀土元素分析证明蓝片岩的原岩是典型洋底(中脊)玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩,这是蓝片岩沟-弧俯冲-碰撞的证据之一。     

Anatectic melt volumes in the thermal aureole of the Etive Complex,Scotland: the roles of fluid‐present and fluid‐absent melting

Pelitic hornfelses within the inner thermal aureole of the Etive igneous complex underwent limited partial melting, generating agmatic micro‐stromatic migmatites. In this study, observed volume proportions of vein leucosomes in the migmatites are compared with modelled melt volumes in an attempt to constrain the controls on melting processes. Petrogenetic modelling in the MnNCKFMASHT system was performed on the compositions of 15 analysed Etive pelite samples using THERMOCALC. Melt modes were calculated at 2.2 kbar (the estimated pressure in the southern Etive aureole) from solidus temperatures to 800 °C for both fluid‐absent and fluid‐present conditions. Volume changes accompanying fluid‐absent melting at 2.2 kbar were also calculated. P–T pseudosections reproduce the zonal sequence of the southern Etive aureole fairly well. The modelled solidus temperatures of silica‐rich pelitic compositions are close to 680 °C at 2.2 kbar and, in the absence of free fluid, melt modes in such compositions rise to between 12 and 29% at 800 °C, half of which is typically produced over the narrow reaction interval in which orthopyroxene first appears. Silica‐poor compositions have solidus temperatures of up to ～770 °C and yield <11.4% melt at 800 °C under fluid‐absent conditions. For conditions of excess H₂O, modelled melt modes increase dramatically within ～13 °C of the solidus, in some cases to >60%; by 800 °C they range from 61 to 88% and from 29 to 74% in silica‐rich and silica‐poor compositions, respectively. Calculated volume changes for fluid‐absent melting are positive for all modelled compositions and reach 4.5% in some silica‐rich compositions by 800 °C. Orthopyroxene formation is accompanied by a volume increase of up to 1.48% over a temperature increase of as little as 2.7 °C, supporting the arguments for melt‐induced ‘hydrofracturing’ as a viable melt‐escape mechanism in low‐P metamorphism. Mineral assemblages in the innermost aureole support previous conclusions that partial melting took place predominantly under fluid‐absent conditions. However, vein leucosome proportions, estimated by image analysis, do not show the expected correlation with grade, and are locally greatly in excess of melt modes predicted by fluid‐absent models, particularly close to the melt‐in isograd. Melting of interlayered psammites, addition of H₂O from interlayered melt‐free rocks, and metastable persistence of muscovite are ruled out as major causes of the excess melt anomaly. The most likely cause, we believe, is that local variations existed in the amount of fluid available at the onset of melting, promoted by focussing of fluid released by dehydration in the middle and outer aureole; however, some redistribution of melt by compaction‐driven flow through the vein channel network cannot be ruled out. The formation of melt‐filled fractures in the inner Etive aureole was assisted by stresses that caused extension at high angles to the igneous contact. The fractures were probably caused either by transient pressure reduction in the diorite magma chamber associated with a second phase of intrusion, or by sub‐solidus thermal contraction in the diorite pluton during the early stages of inner‐aureole cooling.     

Stable Isotopic Information on Calcareous Pelitic Rocks in the Tizapa Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit Area, the United Mexican States

Abstract: Tizapa volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit is hosted in greenschist facies metamorphic rocks; footwall is green schist of felsic to mafic metavolcanic rocks and hanging wall is graphite schist of metasedmentary pelitic rock. Pb-Pb dating of ore samples indicates 103. 4Ma to 156. 3Ma for the age of mineralization (JICA/MMAJ, 1991).     

塔河油田溶洞充填物的元素地球化学特征及环境意义

塔河油田位于塔里木盆地塔北隆起阿克库勒凸起的西南部,加里东-海西期强烈抬升导致的大气淡水岩溶作用、早石炭世发生的广泛海侵以及二叠纪大规模的火山活动,对奥陶系岩溶储层产生了不同程度的改造。对塔河地区的地质演化特征以及塔河油田地区溶洞砂泥质充填物镓、铷、锶、钡等微量元素和稀土元素的研究表明,大部分样品表现出淡水岩溶特征,仅T615井等4口井的溶洞充填物却表现出海水成因特征,充填物的元素地球化学特征表现出与早期大气淡水岩溶作用的叠加效应;此外,还有少量样品具有能反映热液作用特征的Eu正异常,说明该区碳酸盐岩地层也受热水溶蚀作用的影响。通过溶洞方解石和溶洞方解石胶结物碳、氧同位素值分布特征的分析也证实了塔河地区除了发育大气淡水岩溶作用外,还存在海水-淡水混合水溶蚀作用和热液溶蚀作用。     

富铝泥质岩混合岩化深熔作用的热力学相平衡模拟研究

基于岩石相平衡,对富铝泥质岩K2O-Al2O3-SiO2一H2O(KASH)和K2O-FeO—MgO—A12O3-SiO2-H2O(KFMASH)体系的混合岩化深熔作用相关系进行了模拟计算,得到泥质岩深熔作用的成岩格子、熔体成分变化特征、熔体含水量及其温压条件、石榴石变斑晶成分演化趋势和泥质岩进变质、退变质矿物组合特征、各种压力条件下S型花岗质熔体特征等,并进一步将模拟结果应用于内蒙古固阳等地的泥质岩,根据相关岩石的矿物组合及结构特征,获得了变质反应历史和P—T轨迹。     

胶北日庄石墨结晶与寄主麻粒岩的变质演化关系

日庄镇含石墨泥质麻粒岩出露于莱西石墨成矿带, 详细的岩相学、地球化学、拉曼光谱、年代学等研究显示岩石经历了超高温变质作用。麻粒岩变质演化过程包括三个阶段, 其中峰前M₁阶段矿物仅部分保留; 峰期M₂阶段和峰后M₃阶段矿物组合分别为Grt+Qz+Pl+Kfs+Sil+Rt+Liq和Grt+Qz+Bt+Pl+Kfs+Sil+Rt+Liq; 相平衡模拟结合二长石温度计和石英中Ti温度计研究结果显示峰期M₂阶段的温压条件为1025~1100℃、1.05~1.2GPa。研究样品中石墨结晶程度较高, 石墨拉曼光谱特征与麻粒岩相变质条件下形成的石墨一致, 岩相学特征指示高晶度石墨结晶于M₂向M₃转变过程中。麻粒岩中获得变质锆石年龄为~1.85Ga, 该年龄是寄主岩石峰期变质作用后熔体冷却时间的记录。岩相学和年代学研究表明, 优质高晶度石墨的形成和生长可能与胶-辽-吉活动带区域上碰撞折返过程中发生的深溶事件或混合岩化作用密切相关。

     

Metamorphism of an ophiolitic tectonic mélange, northern California Klamath Mountains, USA

ABSTRACT Mineral assemblages in pelitic, mafic, calcareous and ultramafic rocks within a metamorphosed tectonic mélange indicate that the Marble Mountain terrane and adjacent Western Hayfork subterrane (northern California) underwent regional low- to medium-pressure amphibolite facies metamorphism. Metamorphic conditions estimated by comparison of observed assemblages with experimentally-determined reaction boundaries and by geothermometry constrain metamorphic temperatures between about 500° and 570°C. The occurrence of andalusite in regionally metamorphosed pelites indicates pressures below about 370 MPa. Metabasite amphibole compositions also suggest low to intermediate metamorphic pressures. Metaserpentinites containing the upper amphibolite facies assemblage (olivine + enstatite + anthophyllite) are found locally within the study area and have been reported previously by other workers elsewhere in the Marble Mountain terrane. These assemblages may reflect higher temperatures of recrystallization than assemblages in surrounding rocks and may represent vestiges of an earlier high-temperature metamorphic event undergone by the ultramafic rocks prior to incorporation in the mélange. Although the age of the low- to intermediate-pressure metamorphism is poorly constrained, cross-cutting plutons indicate that metamorphism must be older than about 162 Ma. Therefore this regional metamorphic event, which probably marks the accretion of these terranes to the North American continental margin, is older than the currently accepted 151–147 Ma age of the Nevadan event in the Klamath Mountains. The inferred low to intermediate pressures of metamorphism and the lithologies of the protoliths suggest a near-arc tectonic setting and refute a subduction zone model for this event.     

Mg–Fe carpholites from aluminous schists in the Diahot region and implications for preservation of high-pressure/low-temperature schists, northern New Caledonia

Abstract Mg–Fe carpholite is widespread in the Diahot region of New Caledonia in highly aluminous schists and as veins in what was originally a clay-rich hydrothermal alteration envelope about massive suphide deposits. These carpholites have Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios of 0.03–0.65 and no significant Mn component. Mg-carpholite + quartz occur in assemblages with chlorite or pyrophyllite, pyrophyllite + kaolinite and pyrophyllite + diaspore. Temperatures of 230–320° C and minimum pressures of 7 kbar are indicated for the Mg–Fe carpholite-bearing rocks. The regional distribution of aragonite and Mg–Fe carpholite parallel to a major zone of dominantly transcurrent movement and oblique to the trend of the subduction complex indicates the high- P /low- T schists owe their rapid uplift and preservation to the vertical component of the transcurrent faulting.     

安徽省宿松变质杂岩岩石学特征和锆石U-Pb年龄研究

宿松变质杂岩的变质程度和变质年龄一致为人们所关注,且争论较多.为此,本次研究选择了宿松变质杂岩中3个石榴云母片岩进行了细致的分析.岩相学分析显示,该杂岩至少经历了3期变质事件,峰期变质矿物组合为石榴石+白云母+黑云母+斜长石+石英+帘石+金红石+方解石+磷灰石,没有任何超高压或蓝片岩相变质特征的印迹.温压评价表明,宿松变质杂岩峰期变质条件为T=460～540℃和P =0.85～1.10GPa,属于绿帘角闪岩相变质范畴.对这3个岩石标本的锆石U-Pb测年研究则表明,宿松变质杂岩具有4组年龄,其中来自锆石核部的年龄有3组,年龄分别为2.38 ～2.56Ga、1.97 ～2.19Ga和0.78～0.9Ga,均为碎屑锆石年龄,反映了该杂岩的物源的构成复杂性.来自锆石边部的年龄范围为248～255Ma,其Th/U比值为0.01～0.05,均＜0.1,CL图显示边部锆石为片状和云雾状,为典型的变质增生锆石.根据矿物包裹体的拉曼光谱和岩相学分析,这些变质增生锆石为峰期变质阶段形成的,其加权平均年龄251±4Ma应为宿松变质杂岩的峰期变质时间.结合前人岩石学、年代学和构造背景的分析,宿松变质杂岩的北界应位于柳林-麻石沟-山龙一线.     

Petrochemistry of sandstones from Neoproterozoic basins of the Bastar craton, Central Indian Shield: Implications for paleoweathering, provenance and tectonic history

Petrographic analysis and chemical analysis of major and trace elements including rare earth elements of the Neoproterozoic sandstones from the Chandarpur Group and the Tiratgarh Formation have been carried out to determine their provenance, tectonic setting and weathering conditions. All sandstone samples are highly enriched in quartz but very poor in feldspar and lithic fragments. Petrographically and geochemically these sandstones are classified as subarkose, sublitharenite and arenite. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA mean 68) and Th/U ratios (mean 4.2) for these sandstones suggest their moderate weathering nature. Generally, all sandstone samples are strongly depleted in major elements (except SiO₂), trace elements (except Zr) and REE in comparison with Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) and Upper Continental Crust (UCC). Their mineralogy and mean of elemental ratios suitable for determination of provenance and tectonic setting, e.g. Al₂O₃/SiO₂ (0.02), K₂O/Na₂O (10), Eu/Eu* (0.67), (La/Lu)n (10.4), La/Sc (3), Th/Sc (1.2), La/Co (0.22), Th/Co (0.08), and Cr/Th (7.2), support a felsic source and a passive margin tectonic setting for these sandstones. Also these key elemental ratios do not show much variation over a range of SiO₂. Thus we attest their significance in determining source rock characteristics of quartz rich sandstones. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns with LREE enrichment and a strong negative Eu anomaly are also attributed to felsic source rock characteristics for these sandstones. The source rocks identified are granite and gneiss of the Bastar craton. Minor amounts may have been derived from older supracrustals of the Bastar craton. However, the major element data of the Paleoproterozoic Sakoli schists when compared with those of the Neoproterozoic sandstones indicate that the schists were derived from a mafic source and deposited in an active continental margin tectonic setting. There is, however, little difference in CIA values between the Paleoproterozoic Sakoli schists and Neoproterozoic sandstones, indicating prevailing of similar (moderate‐intense) weathering conditions throughout the Proterozoic in the Bastar craton. Our study also suggests a change in the provenance and tectonic setting of deposition of sediments from dominantly a mafic source and an active continental margin in the Paleoproterozoic to dominantly granite and gneiss (felsic source) and a passive continental margin in the Neoproterozoic in the Bastar craton.