The S-type Ladybird leucogranite suite of southeastern British Columbia: Geochemical and isotopic evidence for a genetic link with migmatite formation in the North American basement gneisses of the Monashee complex

The 62–52 Ma Ladybird granite (LBG) suite is a peraluminous, leucocratic, S-type, quartz monzonitic to granitic suite which occurs as batholiths, stocks, dikes, sills, and pegmatite veins predominantly in the high-grade rocks of the Shuswap complex, in southeastern British Columbia. The emplacement of the LBG was synchronous with the production of abundant migmatites within Thor–Odin dome of the Monashee complex, an exposure of North American basement, exhumed from depths of ca. 26–33 km by Eocene extensional faults. The LBG and the leucosome in migmatites from Thor–Odin dome have similar major and trace element patterns, and are both characterized by zircons which have inherited Precambrian cores. Whole rock Nd isotope compositions show a range of values for the LBG with εNd_{(55 Ma)} values from − 5.0 to − 17.2. The εNd_{(55 Ma)} for the leucosome samples range from − 9.5 to − 23.6, overlapping with those of the granitic suite. These data support the interpretation of a genetic link between formation of the LBG suite and melting of North American basement rocks, such as those exposed in the core of Thor–Odin dome. The leucosome samples have lower high field strength element (HFSE) concentrations and positive Eu anomalies, whereas the LBG samples have higher HFSE concentrations and negative Eu anomalies. The similar trace element characteristics suggest that the leucosome from the migmatites and the LBG are related, whereby most of the leucosome samples are cumulates and the LBG samples represent evolved or residual melts. The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope values for both the LBG and leucosome samples have a large range. However, the initial Sr isotopic ratios for the LBG suite are lower than those of the leucosome samples, with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_{(55 Ma)} ranging from 0.70603 to 0.73688 and 0.74256 to 0.76593, respectively. This isotopic discrepancy suggests either: a) isotopic disequilibrium during partial melting in the mid- to lower crust where the leucosome formed, b) the distribution of Sr during partial melting was controlled by different melt-producing reactions, and/or c) isotopic heterogeneity in the source rocks. At least part of the LBG suite likely formed via melting of North American basement rocks that were dominantly of sedimentary origin. Melting of the Proterozoic supracrustal metasedimentary rocks overlying North American basement may also have contributed to the formation of the different phases of the suite found at the regional scale. However, the abundant leucosomes in the basement rocks of Thor–Odin dome may mark the paths along which anatectic melt migrated in the structurally overlying Ladybird granites of the South Fosthall pluton.     

Aluminous granulites from the Pulur complex, NE Turkey: a case of partial melting, efficient melt extraction and crystallisation

In the Pulur complex, NE Turkey, a heterogeneous rock sequence ranging from quartz-rich mesocratic gneisses to silica- and alkali-deficient, Fe-, Mg- and Al-rich melanocratic rocks is characterized by granulite-facies assemblages involving garnet, cordierite, sillimanite, ilmenite, ±spinel, ±plagioclase, ±quartz, ±biotite, ±corundum, rutile and monazite. Textural evidence for partial melting in the aluminous granulites, particularly leucosomes, is largely absent or strongly obliterated by a late-stage hydrothermal overprint. However, inclusion relations, high peak P–T conditions, the refractory modes, bulk and biotite compositions of the melanocratic rocks strongly support a model of partial melting. The melt was almost completely removed from the melanocratic rocks and crystallised within the adjacent mesocratic gneisses which are silica-rich, bear evidence of former feldspar and show a large range in major element concentrations as well as a negative correlation of most elements with SiO₂. Peak conditions are estimated to be ≥800 °C and 0.7–0.8 GPa. Subsequent near-isothermal decompression to 0.4–0.5 GPa at 800–730 °C is suggested by the formation of cordierite coronas and cordierite–spinel symplectites around garnet and in the matrix. Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotope data indicate peak conditions at 330 Ma and cooling below 300 °C at 310 Ma.     

广东西淋岗花岗岩原地重熔成因的地质地球化学证据

广东西淋岗岩体出露的地质剖面为研究花岗岩成因提供了大量信息。对该岩体的野外地质调查发现:下白垩统白鹤洞组红层(K1bh)与下伏花岗岩体呈突变接触关系,接触界面之下的花岗岩中含大量红岩碎屑,且红岩碎屑往下逐渐减少。岩石地球化学及矿物学测试结果表明:西淋岗花岗岩的成岩物质,应来自盖层之下包括下白垩统白鹤洞组下部红层在内的岩石地层。岩石熔融和岩浆结晶过程中,分异作用导致元素分布具有明显分带性;花岗岩中的石英是在比较稳定的条件下结晶而成,且在石英结晶过程中,SiO2过饱和度逐渐降低。上述研究结果表明,西淋岗花岗岩应是上地壳岩石原地熔融固结形成,而不是远道而来的“侵入体”。     

富碱斑岩中超镁铁深源包体岩石的元素地球化学分析

云南省鹤庆县六合乡富碱斑岩体中的超镁铁深源岩石包体，对于研究富碱斑岩岩浆的起源和演化及其成岩成矿作用具有重要意义。在对深源包体岩石的元素地球化学特征进行系统研究后，发现该深源包体具有原始上地幔岩在地幔条件下受到一定程度富集地幔流体交代作用改造的特征，具有富集地幔的低程度部分熔融属性，为富碱斑岩的成岩成矿作用提供了重要的元素地球化学依据。     

大别造山带核部天堂寨和九资河花岗岩的成岩模拟

选用大离子亲石元素 Rb、Sr对大别造山带核部天堂寨和九资河花岗岩进行成岩模拟 ,结果表明 :( 1)天堂寨花岗岩主要与非平衡熔融有关 ,偏基性片麻岩可能是天堂寨花岗岩的主要原岩 ;( 2 )九资河花岗岩主要由片麻岩的平衡非实比批式熔融作用形成 ,但也不排除由偏基性片麻岩发生非平衡熔融形成九资河花岗岩的可能性 ;( 3 )天堂寨与九资河花岗岩熔融方式的差异可能反映了大别造山带燕山晚期不同地壳层次变质岩熔融方式的差别 ,即中下地壳以高温非平衡部分熔融为主 ,而中地壳以低温平衡熔融为主 ,并伴随有局部偏基性片麻岩的非平衡熔融     

碱熔-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物样品中无机元素

大气颗粒物(TSP和PM10)中Si、Al、Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Na等元素含量较高,是颗粒物源分析的指示性元素。目前分析大气颗粒物样品中无机元素的方法有中子活化分析法、X射线荧光光谱法、微波消解(或高压釜消解)电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法。本文建立了碱熔-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物样品中Si、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Ti、Ba、Sr、Zr等无机元素的分析方法,样品于镍坩埚中530～550℃灰化60 min后用NaOH融熔,水提取,再用2 mL 50%的HCl酸化,钠基体匹配消除干扰,解决了大气颗粒物滤膜样品中Si易产生的溶解不完全等问题,提高了Ti、Ba、Sr、Zr等主、次量元素测定的精密度和准确度。讨论了坩埚和熔剂的选择、灰化温度、灰化时间、酸度、干扰等影响因素。在选定条件下,测定结果相对误差(RE)﹤4%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)﹤5%,检出限为0.0047～1.2 ng/g。方法所需设备简单,分析成本低,快速简便,精密度好,准确度高,适宜批量样品的测定。     

埃达克岩的特征及其意义

讨论了中国东部C型埃达克岩与环太平洋典型埃达克岩的异同点及其不同的产出背景,认为中国东部中生代具埃达克岩特征的中酸性火成岩是陆内岩浆作用的产物,推测是来自岩石圈地幔的玄武质岩浆底侵到加厚的具克拉通性质的陆壳(>50km)底部导致古老的下地壳基性岩部分熔融形成的。论述了埃达克岩,尤其是C型埃达克岩的地球动力学意义,指出埃达克岩的发现开创了岛弧岩浆成因的新系列,是岩石学领域内一个重要的突破,开拓了花岗岩研究的新思路。探讨了埃达克岩可能的形成构造背景,指出利用埃达克岩可以追踪地质历史上的地壳增厚及其相关事件,反演下地壳组成。讨论了埃达克岩与成矿作用的关系。     

苏鲁仰口超高压岩石SHRIMP锆石U/Pb定年与部分熔融时限

在大型碰撞造山带中,在陆壳物质深俯冲或快速折返早期,在超高压-高压条件下,易熔组分可能发生水致或脱水部分熔融,形成花岗质熔体。在超高压-高压条件下,苏鲁超高压岩石发生过部分熔融作用,形成长英质多晶体包裹体和不同尺度的花岗质岩石, 导致可观的地球化学效应。为确定苏鲁超高压岩石部分熔融的时限,对山东仰口超高压副片麻岩和其中平行片麻理的同构造钾质花岗岩脉进行了SHRIMP锆石U/Pb地质年代学、全岩地球化学和锆石内矿物包裹体的研究。副片麻岩的锆石具有典型的核-幔-边结构。核部锆石为碎屑锆石,²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄大于282Ma,可能反映了副片麻岩的原岩包含不同成因的物质;幔部和边部的Th/U比都小于0.1,分别给出233±3Ma和214±4Ma的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U 年龄,分别对应于超高压变质和角闪岩相退变质年龄。同构造花岗岩脉是富钾过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.2),锆石也具有核-幔-边结构;核部锆石年龄与副片麻岩的核部锆石年龄相当,反映了该花岗岩脉的源区可能是变沉积岩;除幔部锆石的一个点具有²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为234.6±3.9Ma之外,其它幔部锆石位于谐和线附近,给出²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为220.8±2.9Ma, 该年龄代表着该花岗岩脉的形成年龄。上述数据表明,在仰口地区,超高压岩石的部分熔融作用早于角闪岩相退变质作用。     

Magma genesis beneath Northeast Japan arc: A new perspective on subduction zone magmatism

It is being accepted that earthquakes in subducting slab are caused by dehydration reactions of hydrous minerals. In the context of this “dehydration embrittlement” hypothesis, we propose a new model to explain key features of subduction zone magmatism on the basis of hydrous phase relations in peridotite and basaltic systems determined by thermodynamic calculations and seismic structures of Northeast Japan arc revealed by latest seismic studies. The model predicts that partial melting of basaltic crust in the subducting slab is an inevitable consequence of subduction of hydrated oceanic lithosphere. Aqueous fluids released from the subducting slab also cause partial melting widely in mantle wedge from just above the subducting slab to just below overlying crust at volcanic front. Hydrous minerals in the mantle wedge are stable only in shallow (< 120 km) areas, and are absent in the layer that is dragged into deep mantle by the subducting slab. The position of volcanic front is not restricted by dehydration reactions in the subducting slab but is controlled by dynamics of mantle wedge flow, which governs the thermal structure and partial melting regime in the mantle wedge.     

勘察加岛弧岩浆岩研究进展

西太平洋分布了全球大部分的洋内俯冲带,也是全球沟-弧-盆体系最发育的地区。勘察加(Kamchatka)半岛位于俄罗斯远东地区,地处太平洋西北部(51°~60°N、155°~164°E),是全球环太平洋岛弧的重要组成部分。前人对勘察加岛弧岩石地幔源区性质、熔融过程、岩浆结晶分异及熔/流体交代过程进行了详细的研究,并获得了丰硕的成果。最新的研究进展表明:(1)勘察加岛弧前缘火山和中部火山的源区主要为亏损地幔,而弧后区域则存在较为富集的地幔贡献;(2)勘察加岛弧不同区域的地幔源区流体性质具有一定的差异,导致从前缘火山至中部火山,地幔熔融程度逐渐降低;(3)勘察加岛弧不同区域岩石地球化学成分存在差异,而且,沿穿弧剖面某些元素或同位素(如δ11 B)表现出系统变化的特征,反应了俯冲板片流体通量和流体性质的差异;(4)勘察加半岛部分多期次火山(如Klyuchevskoy火山)地球化学成分复杂,可能反应了源区熔融条件的不同和岩浆结晶分异过程;(5)勘察加岛弧北部与阿留申岛弧近直角相交,导致异常的构造背景,促使该区域形成了具有埃达克质特征的岛弧岩浆。