基于多元自适应回归样条的青藏高原温泉区域的冻土分布制图

以探地雷达、电磁测深、钻探等技术方法获得野外数据及数字高程（DEM）遥感数据为基础,通过聚类分析和相关性分析对高程、坡度、坡向等因素对多年冻土分布的影响进行了定量化研究.利用非线性的多元自适应回归样条（MARS）方法建立了基于高程、太阳辐射的多年冻土分布模型,通过自身的交叉验证及对比年平均地温模型和逻辑回归模型的总体分...     

地震波阻抗约束下的储层地质建模方法与实践

以地质统计学为基础的三维地质建模技术已成为当今储层精细描述中的一项关键技术,但该项技术存在着一个最大的限制就是对硬数据的密度要求十分苛刻,因而多用于井网密度大的已开发区的储层精细描述。而在勘探区块,多采用地震属性资料作为软约束,来弥补资料不足的缺陷。本文以我国海上某油田为例,探讨了应用地震反演资料约束三维储层建模的几种方法,并提出"多条件、多级约束"的建模策略。研究表明,有效地应用包括地震信息在内的多学科信息进行岩相随机建模,能有效地弥补井间信息不足的缺陷,降低地质模型的不确定性,所建立的模型能很好地综合井资料的纵向高精度和地震资料的横向高精度信息,可以成功地应用三维随机建模技术解决勘探开发阶段的储层精细描述问题。     

湖北省铜山口铜(钼)矿床成矿流体水岩反应数值模拟

湖北省铜山口铜(钼)矿床是一典型的夕卡岩 斑岩复合型矿床。通过对其流体包裹体的系统研究,确定了成矿流体的成分及温压条件;结合矿床学的研究,将成矿过程分解为两个平行的成矿阶段,即夕卡岩型矿化阶段和斑岩型矿化阶段。根据Johnson和Reed等人建立的水 岩反应模型,对该矿床的成矿流体与围岩的反应并析出金属沉淀的过程进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明:在斑岩型矿化阶段,成矿流体系统出现等焓减压沸腾过程并沉淀出大量的金属矿物,成矿流体分异为低盐度流体和高盐度流体;在夕卡岩型成矿阶段,沉淀出典型的夕卡岩矿物;在整个成矿过程中,成矿流体的pH值逐渐升高。模拟计算结果与实际地质现象非常吻合,说明所建立的水 岩反应模型可以为理解这一类复合型金属热液矿床的形成机制提供一个新的思路。     

Physical and finite element modeling of lateral stability of offshore skirted gravity structures subjected to iceberg impact load

Static stability mainly against sliding of a typical, relatively large skirted gravity structure was investigated using three-dimensional finite element modeling. The numerical model was validated against centrifuge test results. A specific set of dimensions was chosen to model a typical skirted gravity structure in a centrifuge with two types of foundation soils: uniform saturated sand and a clay zone sandwiched between two sand layers. Soil shear strength parameters used in the finite element models were estimated from in-flight cone penetration resistance measurements obtained in the centrifuge. Numerical parametric studies were conducted using the validated finite element model. The parameters included were the depth and strength of the clay zone and the inclination of external load. It is shown that a relatively simple three-dimensional finite element model was effective in providing information that would be needed to design such a critical and expensive offshore structure. Basic Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters and moduli based on cone penetration resistance measurements and published empirical correlations were appropriate in modeling the soils in the finite element simulations.     

基于先验知识的GIS路径寻优算法

针对地理信息系统中特定的两点路径寻优问题,提出了一种基于先验知识的快速搜索算法。该算法模拟人脑寻找路径的思维过程,首先针对实际问题建立先验知识库,在路径搜索过程中,利用知识库中的信息剪去不可能的搜索路径,构造出简化的查询树,从而大大提高最优路径的搜索速度。     

顶管施工中顶力与顶程关系及其影响因素分析

以上海某长距离急曲线顶管工程为例，通过现场实测4节管段顶进过程中的顶力，研究了顶力随顶程的变化规律，系统分析了顶进过程中顶力的主要影响因素，得到了一些有用的结论。     

新时期榆林煤矿区生态保护修复与综合治理策略及路径探索

榆林作为陕北地区国家能源基地的重要组成部分,在过去30余年为中国经济社会发展作出了重要贡献。然而,煤炭资源开发不可避免地给当地生态环境带来了采空区塌陷、土地与水资源破坏、生态退化等诸多问题,且目前因煤炭规模开发的负面效应持续加剧着矿区水资源、土地资源的破坏以及生态系统韧性的下降,已然威胁到榆林经济社会的可持续发展及国家能源资源的长远安全。多年来,榆林煤矿区在地质环境治理方面形成了一批可复制、可推广的经验和模式,但目前仍然呈现出整体效果不显著、基金使用率低、实施阻力大、系统设计受限、顶层规划缺乏等“五个问题”的困境,多元化治理模式和相应的政策机制也尚未形成合力。为解决这一实际,本研究在剖析煤矿区生态问题现状及生态修复工作面临问题及原因的基础上,结合煤矿区治理现状及乡村高质量发展需求,创新形成了“1个目标、2个底线、3个空间、4种模式”的榆林市煤矿区综合治理系统性解决策略,建议了3项创新机制以及“三步走战略”的具体实践路径,总结了适用于榆林煤矿区生态修复+N的综合治理模式清单,最后从政策、技术、管理等方面提出了对策建议。研究结果有助于为下一步系统性、整体性指导榆林市各煤矿企业开展矿山生态保护修复工作提供借鉴,切实促进煤矿区生态保护修复走向多元化综合治理模式、走向社会–经济–生态协调的绿色发展新格局。     

冬至初春黄海暖流的路径和起源

主要根据近几年来中韩黄海水循环动力学合作调查结果,结合有关观测资料,进一步分析了冬至初春黄海暖流的路径和起源.与以往类似研究不同的主要有两点:(1)初步探讨了黄海暖流路径的季节和年际变异,并指出这种变异与北向风的强弱密切相关;(2)通过分析济州岛西侧海域混合水的去向,进一步确认了部分混合水绕济州岛运行,并进入济州海峡这一事实.同时,初步揭示进入黄海的混合水,即黄海暖流水,含有更多的东海陆架水成分.     

The improvement of the one-dimensional Mellor-Yamada and K-profile parameterization turbulence schemes with the non-breaking surface wave-induced verticalmixing

Both the level 2.5 Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure scheme(MY) and K-profile parameterization(KPP) are popularly used by the ocean modeling community.The MY and the KPP are improved through including the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing(Bv),and the improved schemes were tested by using continuous data at the Papa ocean weather station(OWS) during 1961–1965.The numerical results showed that the Bv can make the temperature simulations fit much better with the continuous data from Papa Station.The two improved schemes overcame the shortcomings of predicting too shallow upper mixed layer depth and consequently overheated sea surface temperature during summertime,which are in fact common problems for all turbulence closure models.Statistical analysis showed that the Bv effectively reduced the mean absolute error and root mean square error of the upper layer temperature and increased the correlation coefficient between simulation and the observation.Furthermore,the performance of vertical mixing induced by shear instability and the Bv is also compared.Both the temperature structure and its seasonal cycle significantly improved by including the Bv,regardless of whether shear instability was included or not,especially for the KPP mixing scheme,which suggested that Bv played a dominant role in the upper ocean where the mean current was relatively weak,such as at Papa Station.These results may provide a clue to improve ocean circulation models.     

基于建设工程三维可视化规划报建技术应用研究

三维可视化是建设工程规划报建的最新发展方向,本文重点研究和总结一套基于建设工程规划报建的三维模型构建技术,并介绍了其基础数据的获取方法、三维可视化规划管理分析及网络发布的技术。