灾害系统中GIS空间分析的应用研究

讨论了一种地理信息系统空间分析算法——最短路径分析,然后利用最短路径结果,采用表上作业法将灾害救援物资进行优化,给出最优调运方案。     

城市道路网络的小世界特征研究

小世界模型为研究城市道路网络的拓扑结构和内在特征等提供了新的视角和方法。该文采用原始法(primalapproach)对城市道路网络进行适度抽象,利用ArcGIS 9.0和Matlab 7.0分别处理和计算城市道路网络的空间数据和属性数据,进而探索其小世界特征。以无锡市新区为例,研究该区整体城市道路网络的小世界特征,选取特征各异的局部网络,并对其小世界特征进行比较分析。结果表明,无锡市新区城市道路网络具有较小的特征路径长度和较大的聚类系数,为典型的小世界网络;局部道路网络均具有小世界特征,其显著程度与道路网络的空间结构特征具有一定相关性;疏密适宜的道路网络具有突出的小世界特征,是规划布局的可行方向,可为城市道路网络优化提供指导。     

量子路径积分算法及其在大地电磁反演中的应用

常规非线性反演方法虽然对初始模型的依赖大为减弱,但局部收敛现象和计算速度慢仍然是瓶颈. 本文提出了一种新的反演方法——量子路径积分算法(Quantum Path Integral Algorithm,简称QPIA). 该方法引入量子力学的横向场、传播子等概念,并充分利用量子隧穿效应,大大提高反演的效率,具体是通过对反演目标函数的构建,并以Feynman的传播子来构成模型的接收概率来实现. 在对一维大地电磁模型和实际数据进行试验后,表明该方法比常规反演方法更能够精确、稳定和快速地逼近真实模型.     

大别山太湖地区宿松变质杂岩中石榴斜长角闪岩的P-T轨迹及反映的俯冲过程

依据对大别山太湖地区宿松变质杂岩中的石榴斜长角闪岩的岩相学、矿物成份分析和P-T条件评价,将变质作用分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ4个阶段,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段经历了绿帘角闪岩相的变质;Ⅲ阶段为峰期变质,变质条件为T=580℃,P=1.31GPa,为角闪石—榴辉岩相变质;Ⅳ阶段为绿片岩相变质。构建的P-T轨迹显示了顺时针的演化特征,反映了宿松变质杂岩分阶段的、不等速的俯冲和折返过程:早期短暂的迅速俯冲→峰期缓慢俯冲→晚期可能的相对缓慢抬升。研究表明宿松变质杂岩的峰期变质条件偏离“俯冲梯度”线,显示了大幅增温、压力变化轻微的特征,这一增温可能是由于受到扰动的热结构恢复所致。结合前人对高压榴辉岩的峰期变质条件的研究,认为宿松变质杂岩与高压-超高压榴辉岩单元至少有0.5GPa的压力差,约15km厚的地壳损失,两者为太湖—马庙断层(F₂)所分隔。     

多模式小卫星SAR机载挂飞试验的飞行路线规划与雷达参数设计

多模式小卫星SAR(synthetic aperture radar,合成孔径雷达)是一种搭载于小卫星平台的新体制雷达系统,它集SAR、散射计、高度计、波谱仪4种遥感器的优势于一身.它可以根据需求分时实现几种工作模式的切换,可兼顾对海洋目标和海洋动力环境的高精度测量.由于卫星发射存在诸多不确定因素,为了在卫星发射前对多...     

总应力分析强度指标中的几个问题

就破坏面方位、剪切前固结应力状态、剪切应力路径及主应力偏转对总应力强度指标的影响及解决的途径作了简要分析。     

Hornblende-bearing leucosome development during syn-orogenic crustal extension in the Tormes Gneiss Dome, NW Iberian Massif, Spain

The high-grade Lower Unit of the Tormes Gneissic Dome (TGD; NW sector of the Iberian Massif) contains tonalitic orthogneissic bodies that were migmatized during a heterogeneous ductile shearing, related to a major episode of syn-orogenic extensional deformation (D2). Both peak and retrograde P–T conditions were deduced from the analysis of reaction textures related to superimposed S2 fabrics developed during exhumation, analysis of mineral zoning and thermobarometric calculations in CaKFMASH and KFMASH systems. Syn-thermal peak partial melting of the tonalitic orthogneisses, via a biotite-dehydration melting reaction yielding hornblende, K-feldspar and melt, produced stromatic migmatites with leucosomes parallel to the S2 foliation of the mesosome as well as discordant patchy pegmatitic migmatites. The deduced post-thermal peak P–T path comprises an initial phase of decompression combined with cooling from 5.5–6 kbar at 750°C to ca. 4–4.5 kbar at 675°C, consistent with the sequence of initial retrograde mineral assemblages present in high-T mylonitic S2 fabrics. The later part of the syn-D2 P–T path indicates a significant cooling and is recorded by lower amphibolite to greenschist assemblages related to the later mylonitic S2 fabrics. The proposed melt reaction generating hornblende-bearing leucosomes may be important for crustal differentiation processes at mid-crustal levels during syn-orogenic extension, as well as for the production of certain types of high-level granites. The necessary conditions are large volumes of source material of intermediate composition and the production of a sufficient melt fraction.     

Interannual and Decadal Sea-Level Variations along the Japanese Coast

Interannual (an annual to a decadal) and decadal sea-level variations along the Japanese coast have been investigated on the basis of monthly mean sea level during the period from 1951 to 1995. For the interannual variation, the Japanese coast is divided into six regions according to a regional similarity of sea level by using the cluster analysis, which is close to Tsumura's (1963) classification. The first mode of the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of the Interannual variation is the simultaneous rising and falling of the sea level along the Japanese coast. The first mode shows the largest variation in winter and has a negative correlation with the wintertime monsoon index; this suggests that the first mode is associated with a steric height change depending on the wintertime cooling intensity. The EOF second mode represents the Kuroshio large meander because strong negative eigenvectors are seen on the southeast coast of Japan and the time coefficient shows a high correlation with the Kushimoto-Uragami sea-level difference. For the decadal sea-level variation, the EOF first mode is a bi-decadal variation exhibiting simultaneous rising and falling of the sea level for the entire Japanese coast. The time coefficient of the first mode shows the first minimum in 1965, reaches a maximum in 1975, and decreases to the second minimum in 1984. The decrease from the mid-1970s and the increase from the mid-1980s to early 1990s correspond to the climatic regime shifts occurring in the same periods.     

任丘油田雾迷山组白云岩储集层的渗透性试验研究

运用815.02型电液伺服岩石力学试验系统对任丘油田雾迷山组18块白云岩岩芯的渗透性进行了测试.结果表明,溶蚀孔洞型中-亮晶藻屑白云岩和角砾岩,初始和峰值渗透率均较高(分别为143.10×10^-7-206.00×10^-7Darcy和386.80×10^-7-790.00×10^-7Darcy),而且破坏强度较低(35.8MPa-55.3MPa);裂隙型白云岩初始渗透率为1.48×10^-7-23.40×10^-7Darcy,峰值渗透率32.13×10^-7-202.10×10^-7Darcy;泥质白云岩和硅质白云岩,岩性致密,初始渗透率几乎为零,峰值渗透率66.00×10^-7-152.20×10^-7Darcy,而且其破坏强度最高可达107.50MPa.同时运用Amray 1000B型电子扫描显微镜和9310型微孔结构分析仪研究了空隙发育对渗透性的影响.     

Reliability of Lifeline Networks with Multiple Sources under Seismic Hazard

Lifelines are networks extending spatiallyover large areas. Transportation systems, pipelines,communication and power transmission systems areexamples of lifelines. The performance of a lifelineafter a major earthquake is particularly vital for acommunity because of the emergency services that areusually required after such events. Performancemeasures are usually expressed in terms of quantitiesthat are assessed based on statistical andprobabilistic methodologies. The major performancemeasure is the probability of reaching from aspecified point to another one successfully after acatastrophic event, such as an earthquake. Evaluationof this performance measure requires a seismic hazardmethodology, capacity determination techniques andnetwork reliability assessment methods. By combiningthese three aspects in one model, it is possible tocalculate the reliability of any lifeline system underseismic danger. The aim of this paper is to present aprobabilistic model for the evaluation of the seismicreliability of lifeline networks having multiplesources. The seismic reliability of a waterdistribution system located in Bursa, Turkey isassessed in order to show the implementation of theproposed model. The numerical calculations are carriedout by the LIFEPACK software, which is developed forthis purpose.