格网DEM上径流长度计算误差的定量分析

基于格网DEM的径流长度的计算误差主要来源于DEM数据和流径提取算法。通过数据独立的误差分析方法,定量分析流径提取算法模型产生的误差。首先选取5种数学曲面作为模拟DEM数据源,计算出径流长度,以由曲面公式推导的径流长度公式计算的径流长度作为理论真值,通过两者的对比,分析误差及其空间分布。结果表明,汇水区的径流长度计算精度明显高于分水区;分水区的径流长度含有一定的系统误差。     

圆周移位在伪码补零BDS信号捕获算法中的应用

D1导航电文中加入了NH码,且D2导航电文的速率也比GPS信号的快很多,使得BDS的信号结构增加了捕获难度。采用伪码补零的方法可以对BDS信号进行有效捕获,但是该方法积分时间较长导致捕获耗时变长。本文提出了一种基于圆周移位的改进伪码补零算法,将搜索中复杂的载波剥离运算用计算量很小的频谱序列的搬移操作来代替,使算法复杂度大幅下降。试验结果表明,该方法可以有效减少运算量和捕获耗时。     

树状河系主流的自动推理

分析了不同类型河系的空间特征,对非网状河系以180°假设和锐角假设为基础,改进了自动确定河段流向的定量化决策表,当出现流向冲突时,遵守少数服从多数的原则。参考河段的流向、节点处分支河段的累计河段数和累计长度,能自动推理出树状河系的主支流关系。在此基础上,进一步研究了树状河系的编码方法,并用实例验证了所提出的算法。     

基于插件式GIS实现CAD数据到GIS数据的转换

本文介绍了在AutoCAD生成的XML格式数据的基础上,通过插件式GIS实现CAD数据到GIS数据高效而准确的转换,同时给出了算法的关键代码以及程序的运行结果。     

视景仿真中实体云的建模与渲染技术

在视景仿真中对云的建模和实时渲染是一项十分重要的工作.全面研究了视景仿真中3维实体云的建模与绘制技术,并根据视景仿真对云景仿真的需求,采用分形技术和粒子系统技术实现了一种既能获得良好的视觉效果,又能实时绘制的实体云建模与仿真技术.通过视点相关技术、层次细节技术、动态视点替用等技术大大提高了实体云仿真的实时性,使其在一般的微机平台上可以流畅运行.     

RTK技术在沛县新城区图根控制测量中的应用

叙述了RTK技术在沛县新城区图根控制测量中的应用,通过比较分析说明：RTK的测量精度完全能够满足1：500地形测图图根控制的精度要求。     

Identifying local spatial association in flow data

In this paper we develop a spatial association statistic for flow data by generalizing the statistic of Getis-Ord, G _i (and G _i ^*). This local measure of spatial association, G _ij, is associated with each origin-destination pair. We define spatial weight matrices with different metrics in flow space. These spatial weight matrices focus on different aspects of local spatial association. We also define measures which control for generation or attraction nonstationarity. The measures are implemented to examine the spatial association of residuals from two different models. Using the permutation approach, significance bounds are computed for each statistic. In contrast to the G _i statistic, the normal approximation is often appropriate, but the statistics are still correlated. Small sample properties are also briefly discussed. Received: 18 February 1998/Accepted: 29 September 1998     

1∶10000图库一体化数据的质量控制

根据1∶10 000图库一体化数据成果,对图库一体化数据生产过程中各个环节的质量控制进行探讨,提出了一体化数据的质量控制方法。     

应用单历元模糊度算法解决实时GPS水汽探测技术中模糊度问题

首先简要介绍实时水汽探测技术的原理,然后采用详细的推算过程将求水汽量转化为求宽巷模糊度的问题,并利用双频P码求出宽巷模糊度。运用实例模拟分析双频P码求宽巷模糊度的精度,解释宽巷模糊度的精度随卫星高度角变化的原因。     

Indoor localization for pedestrians with real-time capability using multi-sensor smartphones

ABSTRACT

The localization of persons or objects usually refers to a position determined in a spatial reference system. Outdoors, this is usually accomplished with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, the automatic positioning of people in GNSS-free environments, especially inside of buildings (indoors) poses a huge challenge. Indoors, satellite signals are attenuated, shielded or reflected by building components (e.g. walls or ceilings). For selected applications, the automatic indoor positioning is possible based on different technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, or UWB). However, a standard solution is still not available. Many indoor positioning systems are only suitable for specific applications or are deployed under certain conditions, e.g. additional infrastructures or sensor technologies. Smartphones, as popular cost-effective multi-sensor systems, is a promising indoor localization platform for the mass-market and is increasingly coming into focus. Today’s devices are equipped with a variety of sensors that can be used for indoor positioning. In this contribution, an approach to smartphone-based pedestrian indoor localization is presented. The novelty of this approach refers to a holistic, real-time pedestrian localization inside of buildings based on multi-sensor smartphones and easy-to-install local positioning systems. For this purpose, the barometric altitude is estimated in order to derive the floor on which the user is located. The 2D position is determined subsequently using the principle of pedestrian dead reckoning based on user's movements extracted from the smartphone sensors. In order to minimize the strong error accumulation in the localization caused by various sensor errors, additional information is integrated into the position estimation. The building model is used to identify permissible (e.g. rooms, passageways) and impermissible (e.g. walls) building areas for the pedestrian. Several technologies contributing to higher precision and robustness are also included. For the fusion of different linear and non-linear data, an advanced algorithm based on the Sequential Monte Carlo method is presented.