大别地块超高压变质省构造学--以东冲河为例

大别山英山县东冲河地区大比例尺（１∶１万）地质制图和详细构造解析指出,大别地块超高压变质省最明显的构造特征,是叠加在先期挤压组构上的伸展组构,区域上表现为古老变质核杂岩几何学型式及多层低缓角度伸展拆离带,因此,局部地区在平面和横过超高压变质省的地质剖面上看到的是由不同岩片组成的构造柱或堆垛,呈现出“假单斜”。野外和显微构造观察也表明,运用构造解析方法,可以在不同尺度上判别中朝克拉通与扬子克拉通碰撞过程（２４０～２１０Ｍａ）及超高压变质岩石折返初期产生的挤压组构、折返及抬升过程中形成的伸展组构、以及伴随超高压岩石减压退变质作用的硅铝壳岩石部分熔融作用。东冲河地区超高压岩石构造学特征为深入研究整个大别—苏鲁超高压—高压变质带的形成和折返动力学过程,提供了一个窗口,并证实了“原地”模式     

Amphibolite to granulite transition in aluminous greywackes from the Sierra de Comechingones, Córdoba, Argentina

We discuss upper-amphibolite to granulite facies, early Palaeozoic metamorphism and partial melting of aluminous greywackes from the Sierra de Comechingones, SE Sierras Pampeanas of Central Argentina. Consistent P–T estimates, obtained from equilibria involving Al and Ti exchange components in biotite and from more traditional thermobarometric equilibria, suggest that peak metamorphism of the exposed section took place at an essentially constant pressure of 7–8 kbar, and at temperatures ranging from 650 to 950 °C. Mineral compositions record an initial decompression, after peak metamorphism, of c. 1.5 kbar, which was accompanied by a cooling of c. 100 °C. Upper-amphibolite facies gneisses consist of the assemblage Qtz+Pl+Bt+Grt+Rt/Ilm. The transition to the granulite facies is marked by the simultaneous appearance of the assemblage Kfs+Sil and of migmatitic structures, suggesting that the amphibolite to granulite transition in the Sierra de Comechingones corresponds to the beginning of melting. Rocks with structural and/or chemical manifestations of partial melting range from metatexites, to diatexites, to melt-depleted granulites, consisting of the assemblage Grt+Crd+Pl+Qtz+Ilm±Ath. The melting stage overlapped at least partially with decompression, as suggested by the occurrence of cordierite, in both the migmatites and the residual granulites, of two distinct textural types: idiomorphic porphyroblasts (probably representing peritectic cordierite) and garnet-rimming coronas. Metapelitic rocks are unknown in the Sierra de Comechingones. Therefore, it appears most likely that the Al-rich residual assemblages found in the migmatites and residual granulites were formed by partial melting of muscovite- and sillimanite-undersaturated metagreywackes. We propose a mechanism for this that relies on the sub-solidus stabilization of garnet and the ensuing changes in the octahedral Al content of biotite with pressure and temperature.     

北秦岭灰池子花岗质复式岩体的源岩讨论——元素-同位素地球化学制约

灰池子复式岩体是北秦岭造山带核部规模最大的花岗岩体, 它由3个深成岩体组成.花岗岩具有高SiO₂ (6 6.86 %~ 73.48%), Al₂O₃ (14.44 %~ 16.32 %) 和Na₂O (4.17%~4.78%), 低TiO₂ (< 0.74%), MgO (< 1.18%) 和K₂O (< 3.33 %) 的特征.花岗岩轻稀土元素富集(27.45 < w (La)_N/w (Yb)_N < 72.99), Eu为负—弱正异常, 微量元素Y的质量分数为(3.70~9.77)×10-6, Yb为(0.30~ 1.14)×10-6, Sr为(310~ 775)×10-6, w (Sr) /w (Y) 为47.87~ 114.36, 大离子亲石元素(Rb, Ba, Th, Sr等) 相对富集, 高场强元素(Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr) 相对亏损.同位素组成比较均匀, 0.5 12 31 < w (143Nd) /w (144Nd) < 0.5 12 38, 0.70 783 < w (87Sr) /w (86Sr) < 0.70 880, 0.95Ga < t_DM < 1.0 9Ga, - 0.81 < ε (Nd, 437Ma) < 0.93, 且18 < ε (Sr, 437Ma) < 32, 这些特征与Adakitic质岩相似.笔者认为灰池子花岗岩是由深部下地壳新元古代玄武质岩石部分熔融形成的Adakitic质岩, 其形成与晚加里东—早海西期北秦岭杂岩地体南北裂陷海盆发生陆内双向俯冲有关.      

基于改进的áTrous小波与IHS变换法遥感影像融合

对áTrous小波分解后的图像高频信息,采用局部方差的归一化加权融合方法融合图像,考虑了局部方差归一化过程中分母为零的情况。最后,融合结果既保留了多光像的纹理信息又保留了全色影像的高频信息,光谱信息更加丰富,目标细节更加精细,轮廓清晰可辩。     

山东金伯利岩的壳幔混染、部分熔融、Re-Os 同位素年龄及冰盖冰川搬运、人造金刚石干扰等领域研究最新进展

根据山东蒙阴各类金伯利岩及其相关幔源捕掳体的化学成分,研究了金伯利岩壳源混染程度与岩石类型之间的关系。发现橄榄岩—碎裂状橄榄岩—粗斑金伯利岩—细粒金伯利岩之间,其壳源混染程度逐渐增高。粗斑金伯利岩的壳源混染程度接近碎裂状橄榄岩,表明粗斑金伯利岩是碎裂状橄榄岩的进一步碎裂的产物;金伯利岩经历了地幔橄榄岩的部分熔融形成碎裂状橄榄岩、斑状金伯利岩。根据金伯利岩中大理岩包体、黄铁矿的Re-Os同位素研究,获得了蒙阴金伯利岩的侵位时间分别为227.97Ma和245.80Ma,属于三叠纪,与苏鲁-大别造山带的形成时间一致,由此分析蒙阴金伯利岩的侵位与扬子板块和华北板块的碰撞有关,也似乎暗示了华北克拉通破坏的初始阶段。华北冰盖冰川对于金刚石的搬运方式、搬运路径与流水搬运之间存在巨大差异,需要对金刚石的供源与分散进行重新认识。地表大量分布的人造金刚石对金刚石的找矿工作已经造成干扰与误导,需要引起重视。     

辽宁铁岭地区金伯利岩的地球化学特征及其成因初探

辽宁铁岭地区为一新的含矿金伯利岩区。本文利用地球化学方法对其成因做了些初步探讨。研究表明本区金伯利岩是由强富集型地幔即碳酸盐化的磷灰石-金云母-石榴石二辉橄榄岩经1％～2％的部分熔融形成的。富集型地幔的稀土元素丰度估算值为:La≈65×10^-6,Ce≈105×10^-6, Nd≈55×10^-6,Sm≈8.20×10^-6, Eu≈1.75×10^-6。     

近代花岗岩研究的回顾

近代花岗岩实验和地球化学的研究使花岗岩研究走向一个最终成因和在地构造环境变迁结合的动力学方向。     

Combined effects of photosynthesis and calcification on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater

The effects of marine photosynthesis and calcification on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater (P _{CO 2}) are examined in the light of recent studies and using original model calculations. The ratio of organic carbon to inorganic carbon production (R _OI) determines whether an ecosystem is a net sink or source for atmospheric CO₂. TheP _{CO 2} maintains its initial value when the photosynthetic rate is approximately 0.6 times the calcification rate under normal sea surface condition. In case of higherR _OI, theP _{CO 2} decreases and seawater can absorb atmospheric CO₂. The ratio of organic carbon to inorganic carbon production can be used as a potential indicator of sink-source behavior in aquatic photo-calcifying systems.     

太湖水体吸收分解(Ⅱ):浮游植物色素吸收分解

蓝藻水华暴发前,浮游植物群类结构的变化可通过其指示型色素的浓度变化来反映.为了同时反演叶绿素a、叶绿素b(绿藻门指示型色素)、叶绿素c(硅藻门指示型色素)和藻蓝素(蓝藻门的指示型色素)的浓度,利用偏最小二乘回归构建线性模型,通过2011年太湖实测吸收数据,较为准确地反演了叶绿素a和藻蓝素的浓度;针对无明显优势藻的春季数据集较为准确地反演了叶绿素b和叶绿素c的浓度.相对于经典最小二乘算法,偏最小二乘法在多色素混合的吸收光谱分析上更为有效.通过反演指示性色素浓度来反映藻类的分布,为富营养化湖泊主要藻类时空分布变化的遥感监测提供了一定的理论与技术支持.     

热带太平洋海表二氧化碳分压的时空变化特征及其与物理场间的联系

为研究赤道太平洋海表二氧化碳分压(pCO₂^sw)年际变化的机制,基于中科院海洋所宋金明研究团队于2021年发布的中国首套全球海表二氧化碳分压数据产品,使用相关性分析、经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function, EOF)分析和奇异值分解(singular value decomposition, SVD)等方法,研究了2005～2019年赤道太平洋pCO₂^sw气候态分布及其去趋势后的年际异常的时空演变特征;结合pCO₂^sw与多种参数的相关性和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation, ENSO)过程探讨了赤道中西太平洋pCO₂^sw年际异常中心形成的原因。研究结果显示,热带太平洋pCO₂^sw季节变化、年际异常及其EOF第一模态特征向量沿赤道均出现两个中心,其中一个在赤道中西太平洋日界线附近,另一个在赤道中东...