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441.
The dispersion relation for Rayleigh waves in a layer on a half-space is modified by introducing the quadratic wave number instead of the phase velocity. The implicit function theorem is then used to derive analytical formulae for the group velocity and for the phase- and group velocity partial derivatives with respect to the parameters of the medium. As two examples, the method is applied to the interpretation of dispersion curves for short-period Rayleigh waves observed in a sedimentary basin of the West Carpathians, and in the Moravo-Silesian region, Czech Republic. 相似文献
442.
Migmatitic orthogneisses in the Muskoka domain, southwesternGrenville Province, Ontario, formed during the Ottawan stage(c. 10801050 Ma) of the Grenvillian orogeny. Stromaticmigmatites are volumetrically dominant, comprising granodioriticgneisses with 25 cm thick granitic leucosomes, locallyrimmed by thin melanosomes, that constitute 2030 vol.%, and locally 4050 vol. %, of the outcrops. Patch migmatitesin dioritic gneisses form large (>10 m) pinch-and-swell structureswithin the stromatic migmatites, and consist of decimetre-scale,irregular patches of granitic leucosome, surrounded by medium-grainedhornblendeplagioclase melanosomes interpreted as restite.The patches connect to larger networks of zoned pegmatite dykes.Petrographic and geochemical evidence suggests that the patchleucosomes formed by 2040% fluid-present, equilibriummelting of the dioritic gneiss, followed by feldspar-dominatedcrystallization. The dyke networks may have resulted from hydraulicfracturing, probably when the melts reached water saturationduring crystallization. Field and geochemical data from thestromatic migmatites suggest a similar petrogenesis to the patchmigmatites, but with significant additions of externally derivedmelts, indicating that they acted as conduits for melts derivedfrom deeper structural levels within the orogen. We hypothesizethat the Muskoka domain represents a transfer zone for meltsmigrating to higher structural levels during Grenvillian deformation. KEY WORDS: migmatite geochemistry; partial melting; melt crystallization; melt transport; Grenville orogen 相似文献
443.
444.
基于多时相Landsat数据的城市扩张及其驱动力分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
以长沙市为例,在多时相Landsat遥感数据支持下,采用监督分类、非监督分类和归一化裸露指数(NDBI)等方法提取城市用地信息。通过对比多期城市用地的熵值变化,定量分析城市扩张的时空特性; 运用叠加、缓冲区分析等方法,分析城市扩张和中心城区的关系,绘制城市扩张速度玫瑰图。研究结果表明,长沙市建成区总面积不断扩展,其中,1973~1986年扩张主要表现在东南方向,1987~1993年为西部方向,1994~2001年南和东南方向成为快速扩张方向; 对长沙城市扩张驱动力进行分析,认为人口迅速增加是城市扩张的最主要驱动力。 相似文献
445.
The depth determination from the gravity data in frequency domain is carried out using the classical fast Fourier transform
(FFT) method utilizing scaling properties of ensemble of anomalous source. The problem of calculating power spectrum from
the FFT is well described in the literature. Here, the application of other high-resolution methods of power spectrum calculation,
such as maximum entropy method (MEM) and multi-taper method (MTM) are explored to estimate depth to anomalous sources. At
the outset, the FFT, the MEM and the MTM are tested on synthetic gravity data, generated for different types of synthetic
models and then all these methods are applied to the field gravity data of the Bengal basin. The MTM with scaling is found
to be superior for providing the detailed subsurface information rather than the MEM and the FFT methods in the case of synthetic
as well as field examples. 相似文献
446.
GIS中空间数据不确定性的混合熵模型研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
基于信息理论和模糊集合理论,针对GIS中部分空间数据既具有随机性又具有模糊性的特点,建立了空间数据不确定性的混合熵模型。以GIS中线元不确定性为例,讨论了线元不确定性的统计熵、模糊熵和混合熵估计方法,并针对特例给出了线元不确定性的熵带分布。 相似文献
447.
The evidence of east-west compression in northeast Japan has been reported by many investigators on the basis of geodetic,
geologic and geomorphic data, but its origin still remains far from understood. In the present study we have proposed a mechanical
model of tectonic loading at convergent plate boundary zones, and demonstrated its validity through the numerical simulation
of internal stress fields in northeast Japan with realistic 3-D geometry of plate interfaces. At convergent plate boundary
zones, in general, a part of plate convergence is consumed by steady slip along plate interfaces, and the remaining part by
inelastic deformation (seismic faulting, aseismic faulting, and active folding) of overriding plates. Such a plate boundary
process to be called ``partial collision' can be quantitatively described by introducing a collision rate defined as c = 1 − steady slip rate at plate interfaces/plate convergence rate. By this definition, we can simply represent the mechanical process of partial collision, which includes total subduction
(c = 0) and total collision (c = 1) as two extreme cases, in terms of steady slip rates at plate interfaces. On the basis of elastic dislocation theory,
first, we numerically computed the internal stress fields in northeast Japan produced by the total subduction of the Pacific
plate beneath the North American plate, however the computed stress pattern was opposite in sense to observations. Then, we
computed the internal stress fields by taking c = 0.1 on average, and succeeded in reproducing the observed east-west compression in northeast Japan. This indicates that
the concept of partial collision is essential to understand the mechanism of intraplate tectonic loading. 相似文献
448.
Abstract Middle Miocene to Quaternary primitive basalts and high magnesian andesite (HMA) in North Hokkaido resulted from three periods of intense volcanism; early-stage (12–10 Ma), middle-stage (9–7 Ma) and late-stage (3–0 Ma). Based on the chemical compositions of olivines and chromian spinels and bulk chemistry of the primitive rocks, we examined depths of segregation of the calculated primary magmas and the degrees of partial melting of the source mantle. In the context of asthenospheric mantle upwelling, petrological data from the present study can be accounted for by the secular change in the depth of magma segregation from the upwelled asthenospheric mantle, which is composed of fertile peridotite. Thus, the early-stage primary magmas were generated by higher degrees of partial melting of the shallower part of hot asthenospheric mantle, whereas the middle- and late-stage primary magmas resulted from lower degrees of partial melting of a deeper part of the asthenospheric mantle. The early-stage HMA magma was generated by partial melting of the remnant subcontinental lithospheric mantle composed of refractory peridotite. This melting might have resulted from an increased geothermal gradient caused by upwelling of hot asthenosphere. 相似文献
449.
北京云蒙山浅色花岗岩脉及韧性剪切变形的地球化学特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对云蒙山地区的花岗岩、糜棱岩化花岗岩及周围太古宙花岗片麻岩中的浅色花岗岩脉的主要及稀土元素地球化学研究结果表明:与未糜棱岩化花岗岩相比,浅色花岗岩脉具有较低的LREE和P2O5含量及(La/Gd)N比值,Sm/Nd比值较高,而剪切应变岩石的LREE相对富集;糜棱岩化花岗岩具有近平行于未糜棱岩化花岗岩的稀土元素配分模式;浅色花岗岩脉BH-2-5和BH-2-6具有和未糜棱岩化花岗岩相似的重稀土元素配分模式;浅色花岗岩脉BH-2-3的稀土元素配分模式和所有分析的样品都不一样,推断BH-2-3有可能是古老变质岩部分熔融的产物。在部分熔融过程中,诸如独居石这样的富含轻稀土元素的副矿物以残留体的形式出现,不参与部分熔融,导致BH-2-3具有很低的LREE和P2O5含量及高达0.4122的Sm/Nd比值。而其他两条浅色花岗岩脉有可能是云蒙山花岗岩后期岩浆分异的产物,随分异程度的增强和富含轻稀土元素的副矿物的分离结晶作用,导致最后岩浆的SiO2增高、LREE含量减少及Sm/Nd比值发生变化。 相似文献
450.