Genesis of lower strain S-L-type tectonites in Daqingshan area,Inner Mongolia

Usual ductile shear zone has relatively high strain magnitude.However,for high-grade metamorphic rocks in Daqingshan area,the related strain is very low with weakly developed lineation.Significantly,the fi-nite strain type with a K-value slightly lower than 1 and is characterized by compressional strain.Because the special tectonic environment with high temperature,the percentage of melt is relatively higher,which leads to a series of microscopic phenomenon such as multi-grain quartz bands,feldspar three edges equilibrium-like tex-ture,granular flow,etc.As a consequence,the tectonites in the studied area illustrate a unique character:ob-vious rheological meso-deformation structure but with very weak intracrystalline micro-deformation.     

西安市生态环境与经济发展的耦合关系

采用耦合协调模型对2000—2013年西安市生态环境系统和经济系统进行综合评价分析,并对两大系统的耦合关系及耦合度演变趋势进行研究。结果表明:生态环境系统综合水平呈现在波动中下降的演变趋势,经济系统综合发展水平呈现在波动中上升的演变趋势;西安市生态环境和经济发展二者协调性由低水平的经济滞后失调型发展为高水平的生态环境滞后协调型,并存在工业废气排量增加和不合理的产业结构等问题,因此,需加强污染物排放的控制与监管,实施绿色考核制度,坚持绿色生活方式,从转变经济增长方式和增长动力2个角度出发,从而实现区域经济社会可持续发展。     

Rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility assessment at the Chongren area (China) using frequency ratio,certainty factor,and index of entropy

The main objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the overall performance of three methods, frequency ratio (FR), certainty factor (CF) and index of entropy (IOE), for rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility mapping at the Chongren area (China) using geographic information system and remote sensing. First, a landslide inventory map for the study area was constructed from field surveys and interpretations of aerial photographs. Second, 15 landslide-related factors such as elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, stream power index, sediment transport index, topographic wetness index, distance to faults, distance to rivers, distance to roads, landuse, NDVI, lithology and rainfall were prepared for the landslide susceptibility modelling. Using these data, three landslide susceptibility models were constructed using FR, CF and IOE. Finally, these models were validated and compared using known landslide locations and the receiver operating characteristics curve. The result shows that all the models perform well on both the training and validation data. The area under the curve showed that the goodness-of-fit with the training data is 79.12, 80.34 and 80.42% for FR, CF and IOE whereas the prediction power is 80.14, 81.58 and 81.73%, for FR, CF and IOE, respectively. The result of this study may be useful for local government management and land use planning.     

Application of partial least squares regression and WetSpa model to determine factors controlling sediment yield in Chardavol watershed,Iran

This paper examines the effects of watershed complexity in terms of physiography and land use on the specific sediment yield of the Chardavol watershed (1012.946 km²) in Iran. First, specific sediment yield was simulated using spatially distributed hydrological WetSpa model, then the influential factors such as morphometric variables, land-use composition and pattern and soil properties of the watershed were calculated at the sub-watershed scale. Due to the inter-reliant of these watershed characteristics, a partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to illustrate the relationship between the specific sediment yield and data of 15 selected watershed characteristics. The results showed that the land-use composition and soil properties had the maximum effects on the specific sediment yield and clarified 79% of the variation in the specific sediment yield. Regarding the availability of digital spatial database over the watershed, this simple PLSR procedure could be applied in different watersheds.     

社区环境对入室盗窃和室外盗窃影响的对比分析——以ZG市ZH半岛为例

社区环境的基本属性是影响城市犯罪的重要因素,而这两类犯罪相似的空间形态受社区环境哪些因素的影响及作用方式如何未探寻及验证。因此,本文结合日常活动理论、CPTED理论、可防卫空间等理论,以中国东南沿海地区ZG市ZH半岛为例,融合多源异构时空数据,利用偏最小二乘法,检验社区尺度下的建成环境和社会环境,对入室盗窃和室外盗窃的影响进行对比分析。研究发现：① ZH半岛内具有一定的规律性特征,即在建成环境背景下,入室盗窃的影响因素相对集中,而室外盗窃的影响因素较为分散;② 社会环境和建成环境对两类犯罪的影响及作用力存在着相对的共性和差异性,其共性主要表现在人口密度（-）、青少年人口比重（+）、公交站点密度（-）以及到主中心的距离（-）对入室盗窃和室外盗窃的发生都有显著的影响,且作用力方向一致;差异性主要体现在道路网络密度（-）、零售商业密度（+）和餐饮住宿密度（+）是影响室外盗窃发生的主要因子,而居民文化程度（-）显著影响入室盗窃的发生。研究结果的引申,可为社区层面的入室盗窃和室外盗窃的联合防控提供一些参考。     

Partial EIV模型的解法

提出了一种求解partial errors-in-variables(partial EIV)模型的思路。通过对partial EIV模型的部分元素进行移项,重组成新形式下的平差函数模型,两次运用间接平差原理分别求解平差参数与系数矩阵中的随机元素,把总体最小二乘平差问题转化为最小二乘平差问题,并通过适当变换提高了新解法的收敛速度。最后分别采用实测数据和模拟数据进行验证,求解了本文算法与已有算法的估值结果。算例结果表明,本文算法能取得与已有算法相同的结果,是切实可行的。     

应用最大熵方法改进杨赤中负权系数

杨赤中插值法数学模型在解算权系数时存在负权现象,文中初步分析了负权的分布规律,增设非负约束条件,利用最大熵原理分析模型系统对空间权重系数的依赖度,研究消除格网DEM插值的负权问题。通过MATLAB编程验证算法的正确性、准确性,并与二次规划法进行比较。对比显示最大熵法解得权系数大小比例与点位关系相适应,且其估值精度优于二次规划法。     

Relativistic Information Entropy on Uncertainty Analysis

- in this paper, a new approach to relativistic information entropy is used to assess some relative uncertainties in structural reliability assessment. This approach is composed of the information theory and the relativistic theory, and can be used to measure the relativity of parameter uncertainty and system uncertainty in structural reliability theory based on the same generalized relativistic reference system. Therefore, the structural reliability assessment can be assessed reasonably by the approach.     

超熵产生与海雾生消之初探

本文以近海面低层大气为研究对象，以质量守恒，能量守恒及区域熵的Ｇｌｂｂｓ关系为基础，在文献［１］［２］的基础上，导出了一个适于描述海雾生消过程的熵平衡方程，并通个例进行了计算分析。     

黄河口及邻近海域表层沉积物中锌的研究

作者于1984年夏季测定了黄河口及邻近海域表层沉积物中Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu及有机质的含量。结果表明:河口及近岸海域表层沉积物中Zn含量较高Zn与有机质、Fe、Mn、中值粒径呈正相关,相关系数为: γ_(Zn-Org)=0.704 γ_(Zn-Fe)=0.858 γ_(Zn-Mn)=0.802 γ_(Zn-Mdφ)=0.906 本文提出表层沉积物中Zn的地球化学形式、含量及其分布。在调查区表层沉积物中总锌平均含量为80.47mg/kg,其中可交换部分为0.48％,碳酸盐结合部分占5.16％,铁—锰氧化物结合部分占15.5％,有机物结合部分占9.15％,残渣部分为69.3％。