IN SITU MEASUREMENTS OF BASAL WATER QUALITY AND PRESSURE AS AN INDICATOR OF THE CHARACTER OF SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

Continuous subglacial measurements of turbidity and electrical conductivity — two indicators of basal water quality — can be used to help characterize subglacial drainage systems. These indicators of water quality yield information that complements that provided by water pressure measurements. Quantitative attributes of subglacial drainage systems, such as water velocity and subglacial residence time, as well as qualitative behaviour — for example, spatial and temporal variations in system morphology — can be deduced using water quality measurements. Interpretation is complicated by the many potential influences on turbidity and electrical conductivity, but when these complications are appreciated a richer interpretation results. To demonstrate the utility of basal water quality measurements, observations from Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada were examined. The data reveal complex behaviour of the drainage system, but constraints imposed by basal water quality measurements help to clarify the nature of the subglacial flow system. The measurement and interpretation methods described and demonstrated are applicable to other glaciers. As such, they should prove useful for characterizing different subglacial drainage configurations and behaviours, thereby improving our general understanding of the hydrology and dynamics of wet-based glaciers.     

苏北盘石山、练山地幔捕虏体的PGE地球化学

通过锍镍火试金预富集法,分析了位于郯庐断裂带东侧的盘石山、练山地幔橄榄岩包体中铂族元素(PGE)和Au含量.不同于部分熔融残留成因地幔橄榄岩中通常所观察到的负斜率型或平坦型的分布模式,这两地的地幔橄榄岩以Pt、Pd、Ru相对富集,Ir、Rh相对亏损的"燕子型"分布模式为特征.Pt、Pd等不相容元素富集说明上地幔除经历过早期的部分熔融外,还经历了后期富Pt、Pd的高熔/岩比的熔(流)体的层析分离交代作用影响.盘石山地幔橄榄岩的PGE总量比练山高,Os的含量也比原始地幔值高;而练山地幔橄榄岩的Os含量比原始地幔值低,说明交代作用带走了练山地幔橄榄岩中的Os,却没有很大改变盘石山地幔橄榄岩中的Os含量,这可能与交代熔(流)体含硫量饱和程度有关.Rh的负异常可能与部分熔融过程中熔体较低的fo2有关.     

Relative sea-level, tectono-eustasy, geoidal-eustasy and geodynamics during the Cretaceous

A priori, the recorded relative sea-level changes during the Cretaceous must be the combined effect of tectono-eustasy, geoidal-eustasy and various crustal level changes. To this we must add the human factor of differences and errors in interpretations.A posteriori, it is claimed that geoidal-eustasy dominated during the Hauterivian, Barremian, Turonian, Santonian and Maastrichtian, that tectono-eustasy dominated during the Albian, Cenomanian, Campanian and at the Maastrichtian/Danian boundary, and that local influences of sea-floor spreading are identified from the Albian/Cenomanian boundary onwards. To this we must add the local differential crustal movements modulating the global and regional ocean level changes. Geoidal-eustasy is mainly expressed as a latitudinal differentiation of the sea-level with out-of-phase changes between the hemispheres or the both high latitude regions. Furthermore, sedimentological records seem to record short-period geoidal-eustatic cycles.     

边界补给量计算方法在宋桥井田的应用研究

利用宋桥井田奥灰群孔抽水试验资料,根据补（隔）水边界水位曲线的特征,采用半对数直线图解法,将井田F2-9断层定性为补给边界。为了解补给边界的补给量,选用边界补给量计算方法．计算出了边界补给量占孔流量的65％,从而较客观地确定了井田水文地质条件类型。     

机载激光雷达数据的建筑物三维模型重建

机载激光雷达技术可以快速获取建筑物高精度高密度的三维空间信息.文章提出一种建筑物三维模型重建方法,该方法利用栅格数据使用RANSAC算法提取建筑边界上的长线段,采用规则化策略获取建筑轮廓;在模型生成阶段,基于原始点云和屋顶拓扑关系约束,获取屋顶间的交线和交点,并结合已得到的建筑边界、屋顶间交线和交点获取三维建筑模型.实验结果表明,该方法思路清晰、科学可行且适用性强,提取的建筑边界和模型垂直精度高.     

青藏高原西部改则地区大气边界层特征

利用第二次青藏高原大气科学考察试验（TIPEX）改则站大气边界层物理观测资料,着重揭示了该地区边界层结构的观测事实,尤其是近地层风、温、湿特征和土壤温、湿特征。主要结果如下:（1）边界层内风速随高度呈多极值分布,即使在白天混合层内,空气上下混合也较差;（2）边界层内白天温度递减率较大,可达到1.6 ℃/100 m;（3）白天,边界层常出现逆湿现象。     

Water quality impacts from mining in the Black Hills,South Dakota,USA

The focus of this research was to determine if abandoned mines constitute a major environmental hazard in the Black Hills. Many abandoned gold mines in the Black Hills contribute acid and heavy metals to streams. In some areas of sulfide mineralization local impacts are severe, but in most areas the impacts are small because most ore deposits consist of small quartz veins with few sulfides. Pegmatite mines appear to have negligible effects on water due to the insoluble nature of pegmatite minerals. Uranium mines in the southern Black Hills contribute some radioactivity to surface water, but the impact is limited because of the dry climate and lack of runoff in that area.     

利用原生岩浆定量反演原岩微量元素丰度的方法

利用同源不同程度平衡部分熔融作用形成的两种原生岩浆岩的微量元素浓度，提出了一种定量反演原岩微量元素丰度的方法。反演前不需要做任何人为假设，为定量研究源区的微量元素地球化学提供了一个有力的手段。对汉诺坝新生代橄榄拉斑玄武岩和碱性玄武岩的成因及地幔源区特征作了讨论。反演结果显示本区地幔相对球粒陨石有过明显的ＲＥＥ富集过程，并且不同的ＲＥＥ富集程度存在显著的差异。     

Second-Order Wave Diffraction Around 3-D Bodies by A Time-Domain Method

A time-domain method is applied to simulate nonlinear wave diffraction around a surface piercing 3-D arbitrary body. The method involves the application of Taylor series expansions and the use of perturbation procedure to establish the corresponding boundary value problems with respect to a time-independent fluid domain. A boundary element method based on B-spline expansion is used to calculate the wave field at each time step, and the free surface boundary condition is satisfied to the second order of wave steepness by a numerical integration in time. An artificial damping layer is adopted on the free surface for the removal of wave reflection from the outer boundary. As an illustration, the method is used to compute the second-order wave forces and run-up on a surface-piercing circular cylinder. The present method is found to be accurate, computationally efficient, and numerically stable.     

内蕴大地边值问题

提出内蕴大地边值问题,使得有可能利用重力场边界观测研究地球重力场的内蕴结构。文中构造了椭球问题的迭代逼近求解程式,并给出了具体解式。