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151.
顾及密度差异的河系简化 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
河系简化是地图综合中经常需要处理的任务,其难点主要在于依据上下文环境对河流进行结构化选取,以保持河网密度差异等宏观特征。提出一种新的河流等级规则,依据河流的各级支流的数量确定河流的等级,以反映河流的密度差异;设计一种结合河流等级、长度与所在层次的综合指标进行河流选取;探讨在自动构建河系树的基础上计算河流等级、所在层次等指标的方法;最后使用综合指标进行河流结构化选取试验。结果表明,以新等级规则为基础的综合指标切实可行,能够在一定程度上保持河网密度的区域差异。 相似文献
152.
基于偏最小二乘回归技术时纹理特征进行线性组合,得到新的纹理特征来进行分类。实验表明,组合后的纹理特征不但提高了纹理分类的性能,而且具有一定的数据自适应能力。 相似文献
153.
154.
DX桩是在钻、冲孔灌注桩基础上发展起来的一种变截面的新桩型。由于其桩身多个扩径体(承力盘或承力岔)能承受较大的荷载,充分发挥扩径体周边土体的承载力,从而大幅度提高单桩承载力。介绍了DX多节挤扩灌注桩及在浙江软土地区某高层建筑桩基工程中的应用效果。 相似文献
155.
Sung-Soo Cha Kang-Kun Lee Gwang-Ok Bae Dae-Hyuck Lee Nicolas Gatelier 《Engineering Geology》2007,93(3-4):117-129
Hydrogeological monitoring was conducted around a pilot cavern for underground cryogenic LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) storage. The monitoring was mainly focused on the operation of a drainage and recharge system. After the operation of the drainage system commenced, the drainage rate decreased rapidly in the initial stages and then decreased gradually. Hydrogeological monitoring revealed that the rock drainage system operated effectively. During drainage, the water table was maintained below the cavern roof. The recharge for ice-ring formation was performed in two phases. The first phase involved the cessation of pumping in downward-drainage holes and the second involved the closure of upward boreholes. Since the water table was maintained below the cavern roof, artificial recharge was planned at first. However, it was not implemented due to heavy rainfall in the recharge stage. On the basis of hydrogeological monitoring and hydraulic tests, it was found that the fractures above the roof and on the right wall of the pilot cavern mainly affected seepage into the cavern and thermal variation due to the storage of liquid nitrogen. Thermal variation was examined by the thermometers installed around the pilot cavern. The cooling and thawing processes reveal the characteristics of thermal distribution in the rock and the 0 °C isotherm. The cooling phase lasted for six months, and the 0 °C isotherm progressed in time after the injection of liquid nitrogen into the cavern. The isotherm propagated up to about 4 m from the floor and the sidewall of the cavern and about 3 m from the cavern roof. The cooling rate of the rock mass above the cavern roof was lower than that of the other cavern sides due to the gaseous space in the upper part of the containment. The fractures were analyzed and considered for thermal modeling. A two-dimensional finite element analysis was performed to compare the field monitoring at the pilot cavern. The numerical modeling shows the distance between the ice ring and heat transfer pattern of the fractures around the pilot cavern. The propagation of the measured and calculated 0 °C isotherm reveals that the water-conveying joint on the right wall might affect thermal propagation through a thermal pipe. 相似文献
156.
157.
青藏高原新生代火车头山碱性及钙碱性两套火山岩的地球化学特征及其物源讨论 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
藏北羌塘火车头山新生代火山岩可区分为钙碱性及碱性两个不同的系列。钙碱性火山岩主要岩石组合为玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩,其SiO_2介于49%~70%之间,Al_2O_3>10%,Na_2O/K_2O>1;其中玄武岩具平坦型稀土配分型式,LREE/HREE为1.3~1.8,(La/Yb)_N为2.87~4.45,无明显铕异常,δEu为0.96~1.09;该套岩石的Mg~#与SiO_2相关关系以及La/sm-La等亲岩浆元素与超亲岩浆元素协变关系表明,它们应为幔源岩浆经分离结晶演化的产物,其岩石组合类型以及低的Sm/Yb值(Sm/Yb=1.53~5.35)表明它们的原始岩浆应来源于岩石圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的局部熔融。本区碱性火山岩为一套典型的钾质岩石系列,主要岩石组合类型为碱玄岩-碱玄质响岩-响岩,其SiO_2介于44%~59%之间,Al_2O_3>14%,Na_2O/K_2O介于0.47~1.51之间;岩石轻稀土强烈富集,LREE/HREE为13.20~15.76,(La/Yb)_N=50.44~91.99;其岩石组合类型以及Mg~#与SiO_2相关关系以及La/Sm-La协变关系同样表明它们为共源岩浆分离结晶演化的产物;然而,其较高的Sm/Yb值(Sm/ Yb=2.63~13.98)表明它们并非地幔橄榄岩直接局部熔融的产物,岩石弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.77~0.85)以及Th、U的强烈富集和Nb、Ta的相对亏损,又反映了原始岩浆中有显著的地壳物质的贡献;该套钾质碱性系列岩石在La/Co-Th/Co同分母协变图上呈直线型分布,而在La/Co-Sc/Th异分母协变图上呈显著的双曲线分布,从而表明其源区为二源混合型,是青藏高原特殊的壳幔混合层局部熔融的产物,这些特征是新生代青藏高原壳幔层圈物质交换的重要岩石学证据。 相似文献
158.
Krienitz M.-S.; Haase K. M.; Mezger K.; Shaikh-Mashail M. A. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(8):1513-1542
A geochemical and petrological study of Miocene to recent alkalibasalts, basanites, hawaiites, mugearites, trachytes, and phonoliteserupted within the Harrat Ash Shamah volcanic field was performedto reconstruct the magmatic evolution of southern Syria. Themajor element composition of the investigated lavas is mainlycontrolled by fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene,± FeTi oxides and ± apatite; feldspar fractionationis restricted to the most evolved lavas. Na2O and SiO2 variationswithin uncontaminated, primitive lavas as well as variably fractionatedheavy rare earth element ratios suggest a formation by variabledegrees of partial melting of different garnet peridotite sourcestriggered, probably, by changes in mantle temperature. The isotopicrange as well as the variable trace element enrichment observedin the lavas imply derivation from both a volatile- and incompatibleelement-enriched asthenosphere and from a plume component. Inaddition, some lavas have been affected by crustal contamination.This effect is most prominent in evolved lavas older than 3·5Ma, which assimilated 3040% of crustal material. In general,the periodicity of volcanism in conjunction with temporal changesin lava composition and melting regime suggest that the Syrianvolcanism was triggered by a pulsing mantle plume located underneathnorthwestern Arabia. KEY WORDS: 40Ar/39Ar ages; intraplate volcanism; mantle plume; partial melting; Syria 相似文献
159.
Prediction of acid mine drainage generation potential in selected mines in the Ashanti Metallogenic Belt using static geochemical methods 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Acid mine/rock drainage (AMD/ARD) is the biggest environmental threat facing the mining industry. This study investigates
AMD/ARD possibilities in three mines in the Ashanti Belt, using acid base accounting (ABA) and net acid generation pH (NAGpH)
tests. Twenty-eight samples of rock units and mine spoil from these mines were collected for ABA and NAGpH tests. Two tailing
dumps at Prestea and Nsuta were confirmed by both methods as acid generating with NAGpH of 4.5 and 4.6 and neutralization
potential ratio values of 4.38 and 4.60, respectively. Six other samples are classified as potentially acid generating using
a variety of established classification criteria. The rest of the samples either exhibited very low sulphur and carbonate
content or had excess carbonate over sulphur. Consistency between results from ABA and NAGpH tests validates these tests as
adequate tools for preliminary evaluation of AMD/ARD possibilities in any mining project in the Ashanti Belt. 相似文献
160.
玛纳斯河流域雷暴气候特征及防雷应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选取玛纳斯河流域中上游和中下游4个气象站1970—2005年的雷暴气候资料进行统计分析,总结出玛纳斯河流域雷暴活动的气候特征,并根据其活动规律提出防御雷电灾害的几项事宜。 相似文献