河北平原地下水动力环境演化规律及影响因素

通过河北平原多年地下水位长期观测资料的整理，统计和分析，探讨了地下水动力环境演化规律，并选择典型地区，采用灰色关联度分析方法，论证了地下水位变化与开采量、降水量之间的内在联系，从而揭示了地下水动力环境演化机制。     

川黔湘交境寒武纪层序划分

根据层序地层学的基本原理和概念，以露头剖面研究为基础将川黔湘交境寒武素划分为１６个三级层序，其中下统含７个中统３个，上统６个，既有Ⅰ型层序又有Ⅱ型层序，具倾斜边缘的盆地中形成的Ⅰ型层序仅发育在早寒武世早期，共２个；具台缘斜坡的盆地中形成的Ⅰ型层序发育在台地形成及发展阶段，即早寒武世后期至晚寒武世早中期，共５个。上述层序的详细研究为海平面升降和加里东早期的构造运动的认识提供了新的基础。     

露头层序地层研究中的几个基本问题

以豫西中－新元古界为例，探讨目前露头层序地层学研究中存在的几个重要的问题。认为地层堆积类型转换面及沉积相序向上突然变浅的间断面是层序界面的间接标志。深切谷并非存在于所有的Ｉ类层序界面，其产生与否主要取决于河流均衡剖面的坡度与暴露和海底地形的坡度差。此外，在露头研究中，副层序应该以沉积相序的演变及海泛面作为划分和鉴别的主要标志。     

用远震接收函数研究龙门山断裂带与其邻区的莫霍面深度及波速比分布

利用龙门山断裂带及其邻近地区地震台站的远震波形记录,采用时间域迭代反褶积技术求取接收函数,并用H-Kappa叠加方法计算出各台站下方的莫霍面深度和波速比及其相应的误差.结果除了获得与前人研究大体相同的莫霍面深度分布轮廓外,还获得一些新的细节与认识:(1)莫霍面深度在四川盆地内为41～48 km,在四川盆地西缘存在一个N...     

桂北376铀矿床烃气地球化学研究

烃气测量法在锡、金、铜、铅锌等金属矿床找矿中得到了广泛应用,而该技术在花岗岩型铀矿找矿中的应用鲜有报道。本文对桂北376铀矿床已知矿体开展了烃气测量试验,结果显示：相较于其他金属矿,该铀矿区花岗岩和土壤中总烃含量极低,而且花岗岩总烃含量(平均19.42μL/kg)高于上覆土壤(平均6.32μL/kg)。花岗岩中U与多数烃气组分呈负相关,与重烃呈正相关,重烃在U迁移过程中作用强于轻烃;花岗岩烃气标准化配分模式以C₁、iC₄和C₂^-正异常为特征;铀矿化程度与iC₄/nC₄、(C₁+iC₄+C₂^-)/(C₂+C₃+nC₄)及C₂^-/C₃^-比值呈正相关,与C₂₊/∑C比值呈负相关等可为寻找铀矿提供依据。3...     

Quantitative textural analysis of packings of elongate crystals

The spatial distribution of grains in a solidifying igneous rock controls the physical properties of the crystal mush, and in turn is controlled by the rate of crystal growth and accumulation. A predominant non-spherical habit for igneous minerals brings into question the use of spherical particles in reference packings used for quantification of spatial distribution. Furthermore, variations of crystal clustering/ordering with length scale require spatial statistics which take into account the distribution of particles beyond nearest neighbours. Using random close packings of spherocylinders, we demonstrate the importance of aspect ratio for the aggregation index (usually known as R) and show that packings of spherical particles have more structure than packings of rods. The spatial distribution functions demonstrate that the plagioclase grains in the colonnade from the Holyoke basalt are clustered on a length scale of 0.5 mm. Understanding the controls on grain spatial distribution in igneous rocks will depend on the application of these techniques to well-understood environments.     

小波变换在饶阳凹陷层序地层格架建立中的应用

小波变换提供了一种研究层序地层格架的新方法,它将测井信号从一维深度域转换到二维深度—尺度域,从多尺度识别不同级次的地层旋回界面。根据小波变换的原理,确定了测井数据小波变换在层序地层划分中的地质意义,建立了四种小波变换中的地层旋回模型。在饶阳凹陷的实际应用中,选取自然伽马曲线进行小波变换,应用时频色谱图分析和快速傅里叶变换多种方法选取尺度因子。通过对时频色谱图和不同尺度下小波系数曲线的综合分析,对饶阳凹陷古近系G104井层序地层进行了划分,并以2 198.625m位置为突变界面,划分出两个较大尺度旋回,以2142.375m、2 163.875m、2 198.625m、2 238.625m位置为界面,划分出5个较小尺度旋回。实际结果应用表明,小波多尺度变换划分层序地层的结果和传统方法划分基本一致。     

样本输入方式对极端学习机预报日长变化的影响

针对极端学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)用于日长(Length-Of-Day,LOD)变化预报过程中,样本输入方式对预报结果的影响进行了研究。采用跨度、连续和迭代3种样本输入方式对日长变化进行预报。结果表明,不同的样本输入方式对预报结果有很大影响,样本按跨度输入的预报精度最低;样本采用连续输入方式在短期和中长期预报中预报精度较高,但计算速度较慢,较适合中长期预报;样本按迭代输入方式的短期预报精度稍优于连续输入方式,而中长期预报精度则不如连续输入方式,但具有较高的预报效率。这对于日长变化的实时快速预报有着较高的现实意义。     

Temporal and cross-shelf distribution of ichthyoplankton in the central Cantabrian Sea

Environmental variables have been measured and sampling for ichthyoplankton has been conducted monthly, since April 2001, at three stations, located at the inner (1), middle (2) and outer (3) shelf of the central Cantabrian Sea. This paper presents the results of the study of the ichthyoplankton collected from July 2001 to June 2004. Fish larvae from 99 species, belonging to 37 families, were identified. Families with higher number of species were Gadidae, Sparidae and Labridae. The larval fish assemblage was dominated by pelagic fish species, with Sardina pilchardus, as the most abundant. There was a pronounced spring peak in larval abundance, dominated by S. pilchardus. A smaller peak, dominated by S. pilchardus and Micromesistius poutassou, was recorded in late winter at Stns 2 and 3. This pattern was evident for the three-year study. Results also indicate that this study was limited to the coastal larval fish assemblage inhabiting the central Cantabrian Sea shelf. This assemblage was temporally structured into other three assemblages: winter, late winter–spring and summer–autumn. Temperature was apparently a key factor in larval fish assemblage succession. In a scenario of global warming, this study constitutes a basis to evaluating the ongoing changes in the pelagic coastal ecosystem of the central Cantabrian Sea.