海湾扇贝产卵的有效积温

于１９８７－１９９２年,先后５次进行海湾贝人工促熟产卵试验,扇贝均取自大连市长海县海区,为人工养殖越冬的成贝,每次试验所用扇贝个体数量为６０００－６２００个。用数理统计方法分别拟合５次试验中水温与时间的线性关系Ｆ（Ｘ）,并根据产卵时间Ｘｓ和性腺发育生物学零度７．８℃,计算产卵时水量Ｆ（Ｘｓ）和达到性腺发育生物学零度的时间Ｘ７．８。最后用积温公式分别计算有效积温值,并对试验结果进行统计分析。结果表明     

渤海中、南部表层沉积硅藻的定量分析

对取自渤海中、南部海底表层的44个沉积物样品进行了硅藻分析。样品中共含硅藻20属41种,主要是潮间带、沿岸性底栖或浮游种类,其中尤以具槽直链藻Melosira sulc-ata和小环藻Cyclotella最多见。对本区的表层沉积硅藻用多元统计方法进行分区,共划分出三区、两亚区,井与其他海区进行了比较。     

海域使用权属数据质量控制系统设计

海域使用权属数据是海域使用科学研究和海域综合管理决策制定的重要依据。文章分析了海域使用权属数据质量控制的现状,研究了海域使用权属问题数据质量控制的判别方法。设计了计算机与人工校验相结合的数据质量控制系统,实现海域使用权属数据系统化的质量控制和管理,为海域使用统计和海域使用管理决策支持提供参考。     

土壤剖面的磁学特征及其对交通污染的指示意义——以北京首都机场高速公路为例

对北京首都机场高速公路旁采集的土壤柱状T01剖面的磁学参数和金属元素分析,探讨了研究区内现代交通导致的土壤磁学性质的变化及其对环境污染的响应.结果表明,磁参数(χ,ARM和SIRM)与重金属含量呈同步垂向变化趋势.来源于交通运输排放的污染物是土壤剖面上部(0～8 cm)磁性和金属含量增强的主要原因,8cm以下,土壤基本未受到污染,磁性矿物和重金属含量较低,磁性颗粒变化稳定,基本代表了该地区土壤的自然背景.尽管土壤岩石磁学分析表明剖面上下部受污染和未受污染样品的磁载体均是粒度较粗的多畴磁铁矿,但是结合磁参数比值曲线,说明底部样品的磁颗粒的粒度较顶部偏细.磁性矿物的含量变化没有影响磁颗粒的粒度特征.指标聚类等相关分析表明,土壤磁参数(χ,ARM和SIRM)与重金属元素(Pb,Zn和Cu)含量显著相关;结合模糊聚类分析,磁参数可用于追踪、识别交通污染物质在土壤剖面中的富集、迁移状态,揭示不同深度土壤的污染程度.     

基于空间自相关的闽台城镇建设用地分布研究

空间自相关是一种重要的空间统计方法, 用来检验某种地理现象或某一属性值的整体分 布状况, 判断此现象或属性值在空间上是否有聚集特性存在。本文利用2002 年ASTER 影像数据 作为遥感数据源提取闽台建设用地信息, 闽台建设用地密度的分布呈现出沿台湾海峡呈对称集 聚分布的态势。通过建设用地密度的空间自相关分析, 显示闽台建设用地空间分布整体上呈显著 的空间正相关, 集聚现象明显; 而在局部上则呈现出不同的空间结构形态, 建设用地高密度区主 要集聚分布在闽东南沿海的闽江口、厦门湾和泉州湾三大城镇密集区及台湾西部的台北、台中和 高雄三大都会区。这种空间相关关系的探讨对于认识闽台人口和社会经济的空间分布及福建省 建设用地未来的发展具有重要的意义, 也对福建省社会经济发展政策的制定提供重要参考依据。     

基于闪锌矿晶体中受激电磁耦子散射产生可调谐太赫兹波的理论研究

基于受激电磁耦子散射原理,采用已报道的利用非线性光学参量振荡方法产生可调谐太赫兹波的实验条件作为理论分析的实验模型,以GaAs,GaP, InP,ZnTe晶体为代表,计算分析了在闪锌矿晶体中参量振荡产生太赫兹波的吸收、增益特性,对输出THz波的调谐特性给出了详尽分析.分析太赫兹波高效耦合输出的腔型结构,并与掺氧化镁铌酸锂晶体组成的太赫兹波参量振荡器做对比.     

Difference-frequency ultrasound generation from microbubbles under dual-frequency excitation

The difference-frequency (DF) ultrasound generated by using parametric effect promises to improve detection depth owing to its low attenuation, which is beneficial for deep tissue imaging. With ultrasound contrast agents infusion, the harmonic components scattered from the microbubbles, including DF, can be generated due to the nonlinear vibration. A theoretical study on the DF generation from microbubbles under the dual-frequency excitation is proposed in formula based on the solution of the RPNNP equation. The optimisation of the DF generation is discussed associated with the applied acoustic pressure, frequency, and the microbubble size. Experiments are performed to validate the theoretical predictions by using a dual-frequency signal to excite microbubbles. Both the numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimised DF ultrasound can be achieved as the difference frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the microbubble and improve the contrast-to-tissue ratio in imaging.     

Compact and tunable mid-infrared source based on a 2 μm dual-wavelength KTiOPO4 intracavity optical parametric oscillator

Using a double resonant KTiOPO₄ (KTP) intracavity optical parametric oscillator operating at degenerated point of 2 μm, we demonstrate a unique mid-infrared source based on difference frequency generation in GaSe crystal. The output tuning range is 8.42-19.52 μm, and a peak power of 834 W for type-I phase matching scheme and 730 W for type-II phase matching scheme are achieved. Experimental results show that this oscillator is a good alternative to the generator of a compact and tabletop mid-infrared radiation with a widely tunable range.     

山西数字地震台网单台测定近震震级偏差研究

选用2003年1月～2005年3月山西数字地震台网报告中可交的地震,选取了单台样本数接近和超出100的17个子台数据,从震级偏差频次分布、仪器、量规函数、台基诸因素,对单台震级的影响上作了定量统计和分析,得出仪器影响存在一定的震级负偏差,但不大;量规函数、台基是引起山西台网单台震级偏差的主要原因.本文给出了量规函数和台基校正值,校正之后,单台震级偏差94%(即17个台中除镇川1个)以上震级平均偏差在±0.2之内.这对于提高山西数字地震台网测定近震震级,提高台网速报质量具有极其重要的实际意义.     

Flood seasonality across Scandinavia—Evidence of a shifting hydrograph?

Fluvial flood events have substantial impacts on humans, both socially and economically, as well as on ecosystems (e.g., hydroecology and pollutant transport). Concurrent with climate change, the seasonality of flooding in cold environments is expected to shift from a snowmelt‐dominated to a rainfall‐dominated flow regime. This would have profound impacts on water management strategies, that is, flood risk mitigation, drinking water supply, and hydro power. In addition, cold climate hydrological systems exhibit complex interactions with catchment properties and large‐scale climate fluctuations making the manifestation of changes difficult to detect and predict. Understanding a possible change in flood seasonality and defining related key drivers therefore is essential to mitigate risk and to keep management strategies viable under a changing climate. This study explores changes in flood seasonality across near‐natural catchments in Scandinavia using circular statistics and trend tests. Results indicate strong seasonality in flooding for snowmelt‐dominated catchments with a single peak occurring in spring and early summer (March through June), whereas flood peaks are more equally distributed throughout the year for catchments located close to the Atlantic coast and in the south of the study area. Flood seasonality has changed over the past century seen as decreasing trends in summer maximum daily flows and increasing winter and spring maximum daily flows with 5–35% of the catchments showing significant changes at the 5% significance level. Seasonal mean daily flows corroborate those findings with higher percentages (5–60%) of the catchments showing statistically significant changes. Alterations in annual flood occurrence also point towards a shift in flow regime from snowmelt‐dominated to rainfall‐dominated with consistent changes towards earlier timing of the flood peak (significant for 25% of the catchments). Regionally consistent patterns suggest a first‐order climate control as well as a local second‐order catchment control, which causes inter‐seasonal variability in the streamflow response.