珍珠层中的锰及其电子顺磁共振谱特征

采用原子吸收光谱及电子顺磁共振谱对我国4种主要育珠贝合浦珠母贝、大珠母贝、企鹅珍珠贝及三角帆蚌贝壳珍珠层中锰元素的含量其赋存状态进行了研究。结果表明各种贝类珍珠层中普遍含微量元素锰，其最大特点是淡水产珍珠层中的锰含量比海水产珍珠层普遍高1—3数量级。珍珠层的X-带电子顺磁谱(EPR)均在常温下显示了Mn^2 的超精细6重谱线信号，表明部分锰以Mn^2 形式位于石晶格中高度畸变的配位场中。     

双向晶体旋转仪的研制及其在矿物学研究中的应用

本文介绍了双向晶体旋转仪的原理及研究情况，以及应用它研究金刚石，红宝石处在非立方对称时的杂质氮和铬的实验结果。     

白云石中Mn~(2+)及其占位的电子顺磁共振研究

本文用EPR法研究了白云鄂博矿床白云石中Mn~(2+)在Ca、Mg两个位置上的分配。通过比较白云石与菱镁矿中Mn~(2+)的精细结构线间的强度比,确定了几乎所有Mn~(2+)都处于Mg位置。其自旋哈密顿参数为:g=2.0022,A_∥=93.0×10~(-4)T,A_⊥=91.4×10~(-4)T,D=153.3×10~(-4)T。实验结果表明,白云石中Mn~(2+)的位置分配不取决于Mn~(2+)的浓度。离子半径和配位氧八面体畸变程度是控制位置分配的两个主要因素。     

矿产勘查新理论与新方法综述

近十年来，矿产勘查新理论和新方法层出不穷，本文系统地总结了目前矿产勘查的新理论和新方法，并展望其与高新技术相结合的发展前景。介绍了新的成矿理论，主要有地球化学障成矿、陨击成矿、地幔柱成矿、边缘成矿和海底成矿理论；新方法主要有预测沉积矿产的古地磁法、预测铅、铀矿稳定同位素法、气体测量法、预测卡林型金矿的顺磁共振法以及应用于寻找隐伏矿床的元素活态提取法和金属地震法等等。     

Crystal chemistry of suspended matter in a tropical hydrosystem, Nyong basin (Cameroon, Africa)

Suspended matter (SM) from the Nyong basin (Cameroon, Africa), a tropical watershed, was collected by tangential flow ultrafiltration to separate particulate (>0.45 μm) and colloidal (<0.45 μm; >20 kDa) fractions. In this basin, two distinctive systems in a selected small catchment (Nsimi–Zoétélé) of the Nyong river basin have been considered: (i) colourless water (groundwater and spring) with a low suspended load (<3 mg/l) and a low total organic carbon content (TOC<1 mg/l) and (ii) coloured water (Mengong brook and Nyong river), which is organic rich (TOC>10 mg/l) and contains higher amounts of SM (10–20 mg/l) than the colourless water. Freeze-dried samples of SM have been analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS).

Colourless water mainly contains mineral phases, such as poorly ordered kaolinite, plus quartz and goethite in the particulate fraction, and euhedral kaolinite plus amorphous iron oxyhydroxides in the colloidal fraction. In contrast, the SM in coloured water is mainly organic in nature. The mineral phases in the particulate fraction are similar to those from clear water, but with additional phytoliths and diatom frustules composed of biogenic opal. In the colloidal fraction, complexation of Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ with organic matter is evidenced by EPR, together with significant occurrence of Fe oxyhydroxides associated with organic matter.

The sites of Al, Si, Fe, Mn in colloidal fractions derived from spectroscopic analyses are discussed with reference to chemical analyses performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Most of the observed solid phases or species correspond to those expected from published thermodynamic calculations for the same hydrosystem, except the colloidal iron oxyhydroxides in the coloured water. The presence of such iron phases is emphasised since they are expected to have large sorption capacities for numerous trace elements.

The crystal chemistry of SM is used to discuss the origin of the mineral particles transported from the soil to the main rivers in terms of mechanical and chemical erosion processes.     

Mineralogical Characteristics of the Separated Magnetic Rutile of the Egyptian Black Sands

The Egyptian black sands contain several economic minerals, such as ilmenite, magnetite, garnet, zircon, rutile and monazite. During the concentration and separation of a high-grade rutile concentrate a bulk magnetic fraction is obtained. This fraction is composed mainly of opaques, titanhematite, ilmenite–titanhematite exsolved intergrown grains, magnetic leucoxene in addition to chromite, and magnetic rutile. The magnetic rutile occupies 6 wt.% of the bulk magnetic fraction or approx. 4 wt.% of the original rutile content in the raw sands. Most of magnetic rutile crystals are contaminated with opaque inclusions, staining-coating and/or composite locked grains. This magnetic rutile has a magnetic range from strongly paramagnetic to very weak paramagnetic. Electron microprobe analysis for twenty-three magnetic rutile grains identified mineral components of rutile, titanhematite, pseudorutile, leached pseudorutile and ilmenite in decreasing order of abundance. Some other inclusions are also detected in the different magnetic rutile grains. They are most probably garnet, silica, amphibole, ilmenite, feldspar, mica and zircon. The presence of these inclusions reflect the derivation of magnetic rutile of various crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks. The magnetic susceptibility of magnetic rutile depends on the associated mineral components and their relative volumes in comparison to the rutile mineral component. Magnetic susceptibility of magnetic rutile is also related to both type and size of the associated mineral inclusions. The average chemical composition of the magnetic rutile is 66.34 wt.% TiO₂, 21.71 wt.% Fe₂O₃, 6.39 wt.% SiO₂, 1.80 wt.% Al₂O₃, 1.19 wt.% CaO and 0.10 wt.% Cr₂O₃. Thus, the contamination of magnetic rutile in the non-magnetic rutile concentrate would decrease the market value of the rutile concentrate. Alternatively these magnetic rutile grains are recommended to be blended with magnetic leucoxene or some types of ilmenite concentrate to improve the overall marketable specifications especially for both of Ti, Fe and Cr contents.