冻融作用对不同初始状态基坑稳定性的影响研究

为研究季节冻土区冻融作用对基坑工程的影响,基于考虑冰-水相变的热传导理论、考虑黏聚力的修正剑桥模型和强度折减法,建立了适用于季节冻土区基坑稳定性分析的计算平台。在此基础上,结合具体的试验数据对不同初始状态的基坑算例进行计算,研究季节冻土区基坑冻融前后稳定性和位移的变化情况,并根据土体冻融前后的物理力学参数对上述变化规律作出分析。研究结果表明,冻融作用加剧季节冻土区基坑的局部变形,且土体的初始干重度对变形规律的影响较大,但基坑的整体安全系数并未受到冻融作用的显著影响。存在一个临界干重度γ_d0,基坑土体的初始干重度接近临界干重度时,围护桩水平位移在冻融前后的变化较小,随着土体初始干重度与临界干重度的差距增大,围护桩水平位移在冻融前后的变化量也随之增大。土体的初始干重度越小,基坑围护桩的竖向位移和坑底隆起位移在冻融前后的变化量越大,即土体初始干重度较小的基坑在经历冻融后,围护桩的竖向位移产生显著沉降,但坑底隆起情况有明显缓解。研究成果对季节冻土区基坑工程的设计和施工具有重要意义。     

水位变化对多空沟屏障远场隔振效果的影响研究

受季节性降雨的影响,雨季和旱季存在明显的水位波动。为分析地下水位升降对多空沟隔振效果的影响,建立了上覆单相弹性层饱和地基中空沟有限元分析模型。模型中考虑了沟中水的作用,算例分析了等沟深和不等沟深多沟屏障、沟壁倾斜多沟屏障和连续起伏地形屏障在不同水位下的远场隔振效果。计算结果与相应单相弹性地基进行对比,结果表明：土体渗透性低时,多数水位下不利于多沟屏障隔振;沟深为0.3LR（LR为R波波长）的三沟屏障通常可获得较理想的隔振效果（75%隔振率）,但屏障在隔振效果最差的共振水位(0.6LR)下,空沟须贯穿上覆干土层才可获得75%隔振率;递减沟深屏障可有效降低上覆土层共振的不利影响;沟深较浅时,沟壁倾角越大,多沟的隔振效果越好,但对较深多沟的影响小;连续起伏的地形景观可作为一种有效的绿色隔振屏障。     

Sequential radiocarbon measurement of bulk peat for high-precision dating of tsunami deposits

Dates of tsunami deposits have been used to estimate paleotsunami recurrence intervals in areas affected by these natural events. The depositional age of tsunami deposits is commonly constrained by the radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating of sediments above and below the geological event. However, because of calibration curve fluctuations, the depositional age sometimes has a wide error range. In this study, we conducted millimeter-scale high-resolution radiocarbon measurements of tsunami deposits at Urahoro in southern Hokkaido, Japan. The site faces the Pacific Ocean along the Kuril Trench. Eight event deposits were identified within peat at this site. We took sequential measurements for ¹⁴C dating using bulk peat samples. The results were validated based on comparison with the absolute and radiometric ages of tephra layers. Dating results were further constrained by stratigraphic order using statistical methods. We constrained the depositional age of the paleotsunami deposits better using this method than we did when using conventional methods. We proposed an efficient measurement strategy with respect to the radiocarbon calibration curve. This method is also applicable for other deposits formed by any natural hazard if bulk peat is obtainable so it can contribute to better hazard assessment worldwide.     

Cooling and inferred exhumation history of the Ryoke metamorphic belt in the Yanai district, south-west Japan: Constraints from Rb–Sr and fission-track ages of gneissose granitoid and numerical modeling

Abstract The Ryoke metamorphic belt in south-west Japan consists mainly of I-type granitoids and associated low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphic rocks. In the Yanai district, it has been divided into three structural units: northern, central and southern units. In this study, we measured the Rb–Sr whole-rock–mineral isochron ages and fission-track ages of the gneissose granodiorite in the central structural unit. Four Rb–Sr ages fall in a range of ca 89–87 Ma. The fission-track ages of zircon and apatite are 68.9 ± 2.6 Ma and 57.4 ± 2.5 Ma (1σ error), respectively. Combining the newly obtained ages with previously reported (Th–)U–Pb ages from the same unit, thermochronologic study revealed two distinctive cooling stages; 1) a rapid cooling (> 40°C/Myr) for a period (~7 Myr) soon after the peak metamorphism (~ 95 Ma) and 2) the subsequent slow cooling stage (~ 5°C/Myr) after ca 88 Ma. The first rapid cooling stage corresponds to thermal relaxation of the intruded granodiorite magma and its associated metamorphic rocks, and to the uplift by a displacement along low-angle faults which initiated soon after the intrusion of the magma. Uplift by the later stage deformation having formed large-scale upright folds resulted in progress of the exhumation during the first stage. The average exhumation velocity of the stage is ≥ 2 mm/yr. During the second stage, the rocks were not accompanied by ductile deformation and were exhumed with the rate of 0.1–0.2 mm/yr. The difference in the exhumation velocity between the first and second cooling stages resulted from the difference in the thickness of the crust and in the activity of ductile deformation between the early and later stages of the orogenesis.     

低屈服点钢剪切板阻尼器滞回性能试验研究

为改善传统滞变型阻尼器在小振动变形时不明显的耗能效果,利用国产低屈服点钢设计了5个剪切板阻尼器（LYPSSP）,并对其进行低周往复循环荷载试验,重点考察阻尼器核心板连接方式、高厚比、十字加劲肋对其滞回性能的影响。研究结果表明：核心板与翼缘板通过熔透焊缝连接与螺栓连接相比,构造简单、可靠度高且易加工;由国产低屈服点钢制作的剪切板阻尼器滞回曲线饱满,耗能性能好,在同一位移级别下循环的滞回曲线基本上重合,稳定性好,并且在整个循环加载过程中,强化现象非常明显,破坏之前也没有出现强度和刚度的突然改变;以P/Py为设计目标时,核心板高厚比越小、面外屈曲越小,滞回曲线就越饱满,耗能性能就越好;根据等效粘滞阻尼器系数和平均耗能指数,能够对阻尼器的耗能性能很好地做出评价。     

北京地区地基验槽常见工程地质问题及其处理

通过建筑地基验槽实践,介绍了北京地区建筑地基开挖后常见的工程地质问题及其处理,为地基验槽提供借鉴。     

应力状态改变对土压力影响的分析

对基坑开挖引起地基土应力状态以及地下水状态改变给土压力计算带来的影响进行了深入的分析,提出了应采用侧压减少试验和卸荷试验方法确定的强度指标来计算主、被动土压力等计算方法.     

Might electricity consumption cause urbanization instead? Evidence from heterogeneous panel long-run causality tests

The share of a population living in urban areas, or urbanization, is both an important demographic, socio-economic phenomenon and a popular explanatory variable in macro-level models of energy and electricity consumption and their resulting carbon emissions. Indeed, there is a substantial, growing subset of the global modeling literature that seeks to link urbanization with energy and electricity consumption, as well as with carbon emissions. This paper aims to inform both modelers and model consumers about the appropriateness of establishing such a link by examining the nature of long-run causality between electricity consumption and urbanization using heterogeneous panel methods and data from 105 countries spanning 1971–2009. In addition, the analysis of the time series properties of urbanization has implications both for modelers and for understanding the urbanization phenomenon. We consider total, industrial, and residential aggregations of electricity consumption per capita, three income-based panels, and three geography-based panels for non-OECD countries. The panel unit root, cointegration, and causality tests used account for cross-sectional dependence, nonstationarity, and heterogeneity – all of which are present in the data set. We cannot reject pervasively Granger causality in the urbanization to electricity consumption direction. However, the causality finding that is both the strongest and most similar across the various panels is that of long-run Granger causality from electricity consumption to urbanization. In other words, the employment and quality of life opportunities that access to electricity afford likely encourage migration to cities, and thus, cause urbanization. Also, nearly all countries’ urbanization series contained structural breaks, and the most recent post-break annual change rates suggested that nearly all countries’ rates of urbanization change were slowing. Lastly, future modeling work on energy consumption or carbon emissions should consider subnational scales of analysis, and focus on measures of urban density or urban form rather than national urbanization levels.     

自动气象站采集器显示板维修经验

根据ZQZ-CⅡ型自动气象站采集器的显示板的工作原理及维修实际经验,介绍了维修显示板的基本方法及主要芯片的性能,并对典型故障进行举例分析。     

西准噶尔谢米斯台地区双峰式火山岩的发现及其地质意义

西准噶尔谢米斯台地区是研究准噶尔洋盆构造演化的关键地区,新发现的双峰式火山岩为开展研究提供了直接的载体,对其物质组成特征、岩石地球化学特征和锆石U Pb年代学等进行研究,判别成因机制和大地构造环境,对恢复造山带大地构造格局有着重要的意义。本次研究获得如下认识：该套双峰式火山岩为碱性玄武岩-钙碱性流纹岩组合,流纹岩LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年龄(4318±23) Ma;玄武岩来源于俯冲流体交代的地幔部分熔融,流纹岩来源于地壳物质的部分熔融;双峰式火山岩形成于早志留世弧后盆地初始演化阶段;结合前人的研究成果,认为西准噶尔谢米斯台地区在早古生代存在完整的沟-弧-盆体系。