人工侧向冻结条件下土的冻结试验

在人工侧向冻结、正弦和恒温2种冻结温度、开放和封闭条件下,对含水率为32 %的重塑粉质黏土进行了4组冻结试验。结果表明,补水条件相同时侧向正弦冻结试样的冻结速度比封闭正弦冻结试验的缓慢,当其冻结状态进入稳态之后,试样的整体温度场随着侧向冻结温度的正弦变化而出现相应的波动,但径向各段的温度梯度的相位滞后于正弦温度相位半个周期;正弦冻结试样与恒温冻结试样在同一条件下的冻胀量相近,封闭体系下自上而下轴向冻结试样的冻胀量高于同条件下侧向冻结试样的冻胀量;人工冻结工程中应考虑大气环境温度变化（如昼夜温差）及冷能侧向输入土体内时对冻土温度场的变化的影响。     

Central Europe: Active or residual tectonic stresses

The regional stress field in the Western Alps and their northern foreland has been investigated byin situ stress determinations. More than 600 strain relief measurements were made with resistance strain gages in boreholes carried out in mines, tunnels and quarries. The stresses calculated and data obtained from other papers were used to get a detailed idea of the stress conditions in Central Europe.The measurements confirm a continuous flux of compressive stress from the Alps to the northern foreland east of the Rhinegraben. The largest stresses are observed in the Central Alps, the lowest in the Rhinegraben rift system. The horizontal stresses exceed at nearly all places the vertical ones. Evidently the excess of horizontal stress is generated by active plate tectonics in the Alps. A tectonic model to explain the observed stress pattern is presented.     

井间地震串联滤波波场分离方法

本文根据井间地震波场响应以及多种波场分离方法的性能，采用基于Ｋ－Ｌ变换的特征向量滤波与中值滤波相结合的串联滤波方法分离井间地震观测到的上、下行反射波。数值计算结果表明：在波场分离过程中，由于同时综合考虑了地震波能量主分量分布以及反射波同相轴时差两个参数，使得分离效果明显、处理更为简便，具有滤波特征矢量的选取条件更为宽松、无需精确确定拉平轴的时间等特点。     

一种基于马尔可夫随机场的影像纹理分类方法

针对纹理影像先估计出其马尔可夫随机场参数,后运用多元统计分析中模糊聚类分析的数学方法进行定量分类,从而为解决划分上的不确定性现象找出描述方法,获得客观的分类结果。     

豫西南泥湖多金属矿田铅锌矿地质特征与成因研究

豫西南泥湖地区具有闻名于世界的特大型钼矿,通过近几年国土资源大调查工作,在南泥湖钼矿外围发现了矽卡岩型和中低温热液充填型铅-锌矿床,它们成环带状分布于南泥湖钼矿外围。文章重点论述了矽卡岩型和中低温热液充填成因的脉状铅-锌矿地质特征,并对其成因进行了研究,研究认为,上述三者均属于燕山期岩浆期后热液充填、交代成因的多金属矿床,并认为,不同类型矿床既存在一定的差别,同时在时、空上又具有一定的内在联系,共同构成了一个与燕山期中酸性小岩体有关的成矿系列。     

几种梯度场计算的数值算法及其地学应用

梯度作为标量场在空间上最重要的微观变化特征,能较好地反映其在空间上的变化趋势。本文介绍了中心差分算子、相邻梯度因子和Sobel梯度算子三种梯度数值算法。以点电荷在三维空间中产生的电势场构造了一标量场,通过理论公式求解了其梯度值,并将理论梯度值与三种数值算法的结果进行了对比与统计分析,验证了三种梯度数值算法的有效性和适用性。结果表明,排除场源的影响后,Sobel梯度算子相较其它两种数值算法更逼近于理论梯度值。最后,利用Sobel梯度算子求取了某铜矿区可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)三维视电阻率场的梯度场,用梯度场刻画了视电阻率在空间上的变化趋势,提高了对三维地下空间的电性分布规律和地质情况的认识。     

地下水温度示踪理论与方法研究进展

对地下水温度示踪理论与方法的相关研究做了评述,介绍了当前地质体中温度场与渗流场耦合作用模型、数值模拟技术和渗流参数反演方法,并从温度示踪方法的两个主要应用领域:地表水与地下水交换和工程地下水渗漏探测(以堤坝为例),说明地下水温度示踪的应用研究.在地质体中温度场与渗流场耦合模型方面,裂隙介质、非饱和带、复杂边界条件和非D...     

Statistical distribution of natural fractures and the possible physical generating mechanism

We have fitted field measurements of fracture spacings (from the vicinity of Lake Strom Thurmond, Georgia, U.S.A.) to the Weibull, Schuhmann and fractal distributions. The fracture spacings follow a fractal and Weibull distribution which implies that they were formed as a result of a repetitive fragmentation process. The limited variation of the fracture density with orientation in the study area suggests that the stress distribution generating these fractures may be uniform.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF VORTICAL AND DIVERGENT COMPONENTS OF WIND STRESS IN ENSO CYCLE

The 1960-1991 monthly mean FSU (Florida State University)wind stress data aredecomposed into a vortical and a divergent component with each of which to force the model oceanin the context of a two-layer tropical Pacific model.Evidence suggests that for the seasonalvariation the ocean forcing does not produce a realistic cold tongue using either of the componentsand the tongue will not be effectively improved in its intensity and pattern even if the componentsare doubled or halved:the utilization of climatic mean wind stress(no decomposition is done of thewind stress)that contains its seasonal variation will lead to a realistic SST distribution on which isimposed,separately,the interannual anomalies of each of the components so as to get the SSTApattern:under the action of the interannual anomaly of the vortical(divergent)component therearises qnite intense SSTA oscillation marked by noticeable ENSO periods(feeble SSTA withhigher oscillation frequency for obscure ENSO periods),thereby illustrating that the roles of thetwo components differ from each other in the genesis of SST variation on a seasonal and aninterannual basis such that a realistic cold tongue pattern follows under the joint effects on themodel ocean of the two components of wind stress while rational E1 Nino/La Nina phenomenaresult under the forcing of an anomalous wind stress vortical component.Moreover,the divergentcomponent is innegligible in generating a mean climatic condition of the ocean sector but of lessimportance compared to the vortical component in ENSO development.     

Tides in the Tongan Region of the Pacific Ocean

Tidal levels and currents in the Tongan region of the Pacific were simulated using a two-dimensional frequency-domain finite element model. The eight major diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents were modeled successfully, using open boundary conditions taken from a global tidal model based on the Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeter. Comparison of model results with observations from the single tide gauge site in the area were later used to adjust the boundary conditions. The validity of omitting horizontal eddy viscosity from the finite element model was checked by running an equivalent finite difference model. The results show that although the submarine Tongan ridge does not appear to trap tidal energy, there are residual tidal currents and possible recirculations which are capable of influencing biological productivity around Tonga. The model results are reduced to a simple method for predicting tidal heights in outlying areas, based only on the tidal calendar for the capital, Nuku'alofa.