LAS Version 2.0数据格式解析

利用表格分析的方式,对比激光雷达系统(LIDAR)标准文件格式LAS version 2.0与旧版本verison1.1之间的异同,分析2.0版本的新特性,便于对LAS格式的理解和应用。新的定义标准更加适应LIDAR硬件间的通用性,给予用户更多的扩展空间,为LIDAR系统的应用提供高质量的文件交换基础。     

山东地震前兆观测数据跟踪分析

对于2014-2016年山东区域地震前兆观测台网数据跟踪事件记录,分类梳理6类典型事件,总结问题并提出建议。结果表明：数据跟踪分析可为地震预测研究提供更直接有效的产品,可直观反映地震前兆台网的监测效能和制约因素,有利于进一步探索地震监测与预测研究相结合的工作模式。     

基于强震监测记录的冶勒大坝动力反应特性初步分析

冶勒沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝最大坝高为124.5m,坝址区地震烈度高,地质条件复杂。大坝上布设了9台强震仪组成的强震监测台阵,自2005年12月开始投入运行至2014年12月底共获得有效记录57次,其中包括汶川地震、攀枝花地震和芦山地震记录。对典型强震记录进行时域分析和频谱分析,初步总结了冶勒大坝的动力反应特性。研究结果表明,大坝坝顶部位的动力反应主要以放大为主,并且随着底部PGA的减小,坝体放大倍数明显增大;由于地震动本身震源特性、传播途径的差异,大坝在不同地震中动力反应的频谱特性明显不同,但多次记录均显示土石坝体有较为明显的滤波作用。     

2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7.0级地震强震记录及特征分析

2017年8月8日四川九寨沟县发生7.0级地震,中国数字强震动台网布设在四川、甘肃、陕西、宁夏的66个强震台获得主震加速度记录。本文首先对198条三分向强震记录进行常规处理,计算出近场强震记录的加速度峰值随震中距的分布情况;再根据2个典型台站的加速度时程记录,通过计算其加速度反应谱并与设计反应谱比较,分析本次地震的基本特征;然后将实际观测数据与意大利新一代地震动衰减公式对比,分析峰值加速度（PGA）及谱加速度的衰减关系;最后结合已有的工程场地钻探资料,采用H/V谱比法对2个不同类别的典型台站进行地场地效应分析,发现该方法能很好地反映实际台站场地的反应特征。     

THE HOLOCENE ACTIVITY AND STRIKE-SLIP RATE OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF XIAOJIANG FAULT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN YUNNAN REGION,CHINA

The southern segment of the Xiaojiang Fault (SSXF) is located at the intersection of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault and Red River-Ailao Shan fault systems in the southeast margin of the Tibetan plateau. Based on the interpretation of remote sensing image, the SSXF clearly shows the linear feature and continuous distribution as a single, penetrating fault. It has a total length of about 70km, trends generally about 20° to the northeast and protrudes slightly in the middle to the east. A typically geomorphologic phenomenon about the synchronous left-lateral dislocation of ridges and gullies can be found at Liangchahe, Longtan Village along the SSXF. The distribution of faults, the sedimentary features, attitude variance and the primary dating results of the offset strata in the trench section across fault sag ponds reveal three paleoseismic events rupturing obviously the surface, which demonstrates that the SSXF has the ability of recurrence of strong earthquakes. High-precision topographic map about two gullies and the platform between them with synchronous dislocation is acquired by using the Trimble 5800 GPS real-time difference measurement system. The dislocation is (18.3±0.5)m. As the top geomorphologic surface between the above two gullies and their adjacent area, the terrace surface T₂ stopped accepting deposits at ~2606a, based on the linear regression analysis of three dating data. According to the geological method, a sinistral strike-slip rate of (7.02±0.20)mm/a on the SSXF in the Holocene is obtained, which has a good consistency with the results provided by using GPS data. The preliminary results about the Holocene activity and slip rate of the SSXF demonstrate that the southward or south-southeast motion of the Sichuan-Yunnan block in the SE Yunnan region has not been absorbed by the possible shortening deformation and the sinistral strike-slip rate of the SSXF has not been drastically reduced. The SSXF is a Holocene fault with obvious activity. This preliminary understanding provides some basic geological data for the seismic risk evaluation of the SSXF in the future, and for the establishment and inspection of the seismotectonic model about the Sichuan-Yunnan block.     

强震动观测仪器面临的机遇和挑战

本文介绍了国内外强震仪、力平衡加速度计、烈度计、MEMS加速度仪等强震动观测仪器的发展历史与现状,概述了强震动记录中典型异常波形产生的原因和力平衡加速度计的仪器响应误差及校正,建议了解决强震仪器缺陷的措施,分析了强震仪在强震动观测发展中面临的机遇和挑战。研究结果如下:① 进行强震动记录异常波形的研究是有针对性改进现有强震仪存在问题的很好途径;② 早期数字强震仪（力平衡加速度计频带范围0至30Hz）获取的强震动记录应进行仪器校正;③ 应跟踪强震动观测新方法和相关领域新技术,发展MEMS加速度仪和光纤加速度仪等新型仪器。     

强震动记录的低频截止频率自动搜索算法

本文针对传统方法在强震动记录处理中确定滤波低频截止频率效率较低的问题,提出一种确定滤波低频截止频率的自动搜索模型,并利用统计学习方法中的损失函数确定自动搜索模型流程的结束条件。基于2008年汶川和2013年芦山两次地震主震和余震获得的强震动记录,将自动搜索算法得出的结果与传统方法确定的低频截止频率进行比较,分析自动搜索算法产生误差的原因,进而提出自动搜索算法应遵循的原则和适用条件。结果表明该算法计算效率比传统方法有很大提升,特别适合海量强震动记录的批量处理。     

Seismic vulnerability of offshore wind turbines to pulse and non-pulse records

The increasing number of wind turbines in active tectonic regions has attracted scientific interest to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of offshore wind turbines (OWTs). This study aims at assessing the deformation and collapse susceptibility of 2MW and 5MW OWTs subjected to shallow-crustal pulse-like ground motions, which has not been particularly addressed to date. A cloud-based fragility assessment is performed to quantify the seismic response for a given intensity measure and to assess the failure probabilities for pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motions. The first-mode spectral acceleration S_a(T₁) is found to be an efficient response predictor for OWTs, exhibiting prominent higher-mode behavior, at the serviceability and ultimate conditions. Regardless of earthquake type, it is shown that records with strong vertical components may induce nonlinearity in the supporting tower, leading to potential failure by buckling in three different patterns: (i) at tower base near platform level, (ii) close to tower top, and (iii) between the upper half of the main tower and its top. Type and extent of the damage are related to the coupled excitation of vertical and lateral higher modes, for which tower top acceleration response spectra S_a,i(Top) is an effective identifier. It is also observed that tower's slenderness ratio (l/d), the diameter-to-thickness ratio (d/t), and the rotor-nacelle-assembly mass (m_RNA) are precursors for evaluating the damage mode and vulnerability of OWTs under both pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motion records.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长4+5油层组中的古地震记录

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长4+5油层组湖泊三角洲前缘沉积中同生变形构造十分发育.通过对岩心观察及各种资料的综合分析,认为砂球、砂枕、球-枕构造、微断层递变层、微裂缝、液化卷曲变形等同生变形构造主要是由震积液化作用形成的.震积作用沉积可分为A、B、C、D、E等5个单元,分别组合形成ABCD型、BCD型或CD型、AB型、BCE型或BE型、BEBE型5种沉积序列类型,其中BCD型(CD型)和AB型最为发育.通过对古构造的分析,认为晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地拗陷中心的北西向基底"活化"及北西、北东向同生正断层的活动是导致该区古地震形成的主要原因.     

新疆乌恰2次5.1级地震加速度记录特征对比分析

分析新疆乌恰两次5.1级地震4个强震台的强震动记录,第1次地震4个台记录卓越频率在4.25 Hz-13.59 Hz;第2次地震4个台记录卓越频率为2.45 Hz-3.61 Hz.从谱比曲线可以看出,2次地震在同一观测场地的场地效应基本相似,基岩台场地效应在高频部分有明显放大作用,土层场地在高频部分有明显的减小作用.