新疆乌恰6.8级地震的场地响应分析

利用2008年10月5日新疆乌恰6.8级地震时新疆强震动观测台记录的S波资料和脉动观测资料,采用Nakamura方法计算了这些强震观测台的场地响应.结果表明:(1)地震记录前10 s的脉动场地响应明显大于测试脉动和地震记录S波的场地响应,是测试脉动和记录S波场地响应的3倍,而测试脉动场地响应和S波记录场地响应基本相符....     

南海8KL岩芯的氧同位素记录与海平面变化

目前基础梁计算方法有三种，计算结果相差颇大，应根据具体情况选用。在公路桥梁设计中，以往较多采用的是文克尔假定计算法。在基岩埋置较深的土基上的墩（台）或涵洞按文克尔假定计算显然是不合适的，应按地基为半无限大体假定进行计算。本文介绍按弹性理论假定计算基础梁的方法，并通过算例对三种方法计算结果加以比较。供应用参考。     

云南景谷MS6.6地震地震动特征分析

2014年8月3日云南省鲁甸发生MS6.5地震后,10月7日云南省内再次发生景谷MS6.6地震。对我国数字强震台网捕获的39组主震记录进行处理后,分析幅值参数、Arias强度以及持时参数的衰减特征,发现两次地震触发台站远场记录的地震动参数均显著低于预测方程,鲁甸地震的近场地震动参数略高于景谷地震;而鲁甸地震地震动参数衰减快于景谷地震,这可能与云南东部地区Q值低于西部地区的区域差异性特征相关。分析结果可以为研究该区域6.5级左右地震动衰减特征提供参考。     

青海玉树活动断裂带的多期古地震滑坡及其年龄

2010年青海玉树Ms 7.1级地震发生后,笔者在开展玉树灾区地震地质灾害调查中发现13处古地震滑坡遗迹。调查结果表明,玉树古地震滑坡主要集中分布在玉树活动断层两侧5km范围内,规模普遍较大,多具有多期活动特征,且与周围古地震相伴生,空间上体现出发震断层对其发育的控制作用。同时,古地震滑坡地形地貌、沉积特征、年代学特征等方面的证据表明,其常具有原地复发的特征。据古地震滑坡堆积体的AMS14C测年结果,认为目前发现的典型古地震滑坡主要发生在全新世中晚期,并集中分布在5个时期,与古地震探槽揭示的古地震事件期次及发生年代具有较好的对应关系。进一步对比古滑坡规模和分布范围,发现玉树断裂带在全新世中晚期发生2次规模较大的古地震滑坡事件,与地震探槽揭示的古地震特点相符。研究结果表明,群发性古地震滑坡是识别古地震事件的重要地貌标志,可从年代学上揭示古地震事件发生的具体时间,对于补充古地震事件资料和恢复古地震在时间与强度上的分布都具有重要意义。     

Updated Homogenized Chinese Temperature Series with Physical Consistency

Most methods of homogenization of climate data are applied to time series of a single variable, such as daily maximum temperature(Tmax) or daily minimum temperature(Tmin). Consequently, the physical relationship among different variables, e.g., TmaxTmin, may be distorted after homogenization of climate series of individual variables. The authors develop a solution to improve consistency among diurnal temperature records, while using the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization(MASH) method to homogenize the observation series of daily mean temperature(Tm), Tmin, and Tmax at 545 stations in China for the period 1960–2011, called CHTM2.0. In the previous version of this homogenized dataset based on MASH(CHTM1.0) for the period 1960–2008, there are a few records(0.039% of the total) that are physically inconsistent. For developing CHTM2.0, the authors apply additional adjustments for each day with inconsistent temperature records, in order to hold TmaxTmTmin. Although the additional adjustments are barely influential for estimating long-term climate trends in China as a whole(because very few records are additionally adjusted), the newly introduced solution improves the physical consistency throughout the dataset. It is also helpful for developing more reasonable homogenized climate datasets with regard to physical consistency among multiple variables. Based on CHTM2.0, the annual Tmax/Tm/Tmin series averaged over China for the period 1960–2011 show significant warming trends of about 0.19/0.25/0.34°C per decade, respectively. Large warming trends of up to 0.425/0.596/ 0.704°C per decade occur in northeastern and northwestern China.     

The emersion curve in semidiurnal tidal regimes

Emersion curves are presented for eight locations in Britain experiencing semidiurnal tides. Curves were produced by computer analysis of reduced hourly tide gauge observations over a 1-year period, and were not based upon predicted times of HW and LW as mostly used hitherto. The locations differ in tidal constants and the form of the tide curve. The shape of the emersion curve varies markedly between locations, and for each curve the slope, which indicates the rate of change of environmental conditions, is analysed with respect to height at the tide gauge. “Critical tide levels”, where conditions change particularly rapidly, are obvious on some curves but less evident on others.     

A review of the environmental history of Iceland, 13 000-9000 yr BP

A synthesis of the main environmental changes that are interpreted to have occurred in Iceland during the period 13-9 ka BP is presented. Most of the evidence available relates to variations in the position of ice margins, although some limited information on vegetation history and soil stability is also referred to. Only qualitative and limited climatic inferences can be made for this period because of the lack of detailed evidence. A summary curve of the relative extent of ice cover is presented.     

地震折射波PKHKP的记录特征及应用

1964年伯儿特（B.A.Bolt）解释PKHKP波为内、外核之间的过渡层中传播的核震相。本文对PKHKP波的特征进行了分析研究,总结了PKHKP波的判别依据,并进行了相应的讨论。     

《昧水轩日记》记载的1609—1616年天气气候记录的初步分析

古代日记里蕴含着丰富的天气气候记录,使我们有可能从逐日的记载中,将过去气候演变环节上的一些模糊认识,得到明确的答案;通过对逐日记载的天气日记的气候恢复,还能为大尺度的气候重建,提供更高分辨率的依据。通过整理明代李日华所著的《味水轩日记》中天气、物候、感应和天文记录,并且和其它史志文献进行对比分析,发现公元1609年地方志“冬无雪”的记载可能有误,并初步重建了公元1611年夏秋季节的台风带来的暴风雨天气、公元1613年和1614年的秋旱、公元1616年雨雪冰冻的天气过程和极端天气,以期能对明代嘉兴地区的气候研究有一定的帮助。     

TEMPERATURE PROXY RECORDS COVERING THE LAST TWO MILLENNIA: A TABULAR AND VISUAL OVERVIEW

Proxy data are our only source of knowledge of temperature variability in the period prior to instrumental temperature measurements. Until recently, very few quantitative palaeotemperature records extended back a millennium or more, but the number is now increasing. Here, the first systematic survey is presented, with graphic representations, of most quantitative temperature proxy data records covering the last two millennia that have been published in the peer-reviewed literature. In total, 71 series are presented together with basic essential information on each record. This overview will hopefully assist future palaeoclimatic research by facilitating an orientation among available palaeotemperature records and thus reduce the risk of missing less well-known proxy series. The records show an amplitude between maximum and minimum temperatures during the past two millennia on centennial timescales ranging from c. 0.5 to 4°C and averaging c. 1.5–2°C for both high and low latitudes, although these variations are not always occurring synchronous. Both the Medieval Warm Period, the Little Ice Age and the 20th century warming are clearly visible in most records, whereas the Roman Warm Period and the Dark Age Cold Period are less clearly discernible.