利用数字化速度记录仿真加速度时程与合成场地设计地震波

研究利用测震台网数字化宽频带速度型记录仿真加速度时程,并通过提取其相位信息和拟合场地设计反应谱(目标谱)的方法来获得场地设计地震波的有关技术途径与应用实例,所提供的具体算式采用便于编程和利用快速傅氏变换(FFT)技术进行计算的离散化傅氏正逆变换的复数表达式。有关研究结果可拓宽现有地震观测资料的使用价值,减少地面运动模拟中人造地震波与原始地震记录存在的差异,并可使所合成的设计地震波满足给定的目标谱,且能较好地反映其非平稳性特征,因此在地震工程中具有实际的应用价值。     

嘉靖三十四年(1556年)湖南岳阳地震核查

查阅了岳州府及其邻近地区以及两湖接壤地区的大量相关史料,并对其进行了鉴别和查证。通过鉴别,推断隆庆岳州府志关于1556年岳阳地震的记载比较准确。岳州(今岳阳)所属地区记载的地震为有感,强度不大。在查阅历史资料时,对无地震记载的情况采用以下地震缺失原则进行判断:1)待查史志上必须有其它地震的记载;2)待查事件发生前后史志上有其它灾害的记载。根据该原则确定通山、通城、蒲圻、崇阳、公安、石首等地在嘉靖三十四年确实无地震记载。考证了陕西华县地震与湖南岳阳地震的关系,表明岳阳地震是一次独立地震,而不是1556年华县地震的影响。最后根据地方志的记载确定了岳阳地震的震中位置和震级     

Thermoluminescence Dating of Colluvial Deposits and Its Application to Chronological Study of Paleoearthquakes

On the basis of studies of lithofacies features of colluvial deposits, applicability of thermoluminescence dating of the colluvial deposits at different lithofacies positions, and reliability of the dating result, the thermoluminescent ages of colluvial deposit from different types of faults were determined. From the above, the ages of paleoseismic events and their recurrence intervals on the related fault were deduced.     

Source Parameters of Old Earthquakes: Semi-Automatic Digitization of Analog Records and Seismic Moment Assessment

Recovering seismic information contained in old analog records could increase our knowledge of seismic source characteristics and the seismicity of a region. This is particularly important in zones with low to moderate seismicity.To extract the available information, it is necessary to digitize the seismic records. This is not an easy task especially owing to the generally poor quality of the original records, with illegible or missing parts. However some exceptions were found in the records of a few seismological stations in Germany, Sweden and France.This paper presents an example of the recovering of source parameters and can be divided in two parts: the first one presents a simple semi-automatic technique for digitization of old analog seismic records, developed using commercial software on a PC; the second part describes the methodology of assessing the seismic moment, using empirical and theoretical relations, as well as the seismic source dimensions.The earthquake selected to illustrate this procedure is the 23 April 1909 Benavente (Portugal) earthquake. This earthquake occurred in the Lower Tagus Valley region and caused great destruction in the meizoseismal area. It is the biggest earthquake that occurred during this century in the central part of the country and its magnitude has been estimated between 6.6 and 7.6.The digitization procedure allowed the recovery of seismic information contained in old analog records, in particular, the seismic moment estimation. The results obtained indicated that 7.6 was a very high value for the magnitude of the 23 April 1909 earthquake, suggesting that the magnitude reported in the Portuguese catalogue is overestimated. The estimated moment magnitude is 6.0.     

山地温冰川中的气候环境记录研究

以北欧Ａｕｓｔｒｅ Ｏｋｓｔｉｎｂｒｅｅｎ冰川为例,概括介绍了海洋型气候区温冰川内气候环境信息的主要特征。山地温冰川积雪中的环境记录,如氧同位素,阴阳离子含量的变化虽然受到了冰雪中的融水渗透的干扰,但仍可作为短期局部气候环境变化的理想指示器。通过与实测的气象气候资料对比,积雪中化学分析结果表明了若干重要特征：积累区雪层剖面中的氧同位素变化,较好地反映了本地区的气候变化特别是降水时的温度递变细节以及     

关于成都地震台测震资料中2～4 Hz干扰频率范围的研究

通过提出3个思考,研究了2～4 Hz干扰的性质以及演变的过程,结合仪器响应以及背景噪声分析干扰产生的原因。分析结果表明:2～4 Hz干扰已成为成都地震台测震资料中的固有干扰,2011年开始出现且现今广泛存在于成都地震台5.5级及以下且震中距大于20°的远震波形、4.5级及以下的近震波形内。成都地震台的背景噪声水平于2011～2012年陡增,2012年达到峰值。干扰的演变规律与台基背景噪声变化走势有着良好的对应关系,与仪器响应并无直接的关联性。     

场地土层模型参数的地震动记录反演方法

考虑场地土层不同物理参数的综合反演,改进了水平与竖向谱比(Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio,简称HVSR)混合全局优化反演方法,进一步通过土层的S、P波波速、厚度、泊松比、密度和S、P波品质因子等土层参数反演的敏感性分析,形成了可同时反演场地土层厚度及剪切波速的混合全局优化反演方法.以美国GVDA和日本IWTH27竖向强震动观测台阵为例,分别以理论HVSR及加速度观测记录获得的HVSR曲线为目标,反演获得了场地浅层速度结构,并与观测台阵场地钻孔揭示的土层模型进行比较,验证了发展的反演方法的合理性和适用性.本文研究表明,基于地震加速度记录的HVSR全局优化反演方法是获取场地土层速度结构的一种有效的途径.     

2013年甘肃岷县—漳县6.6级地震仪器烈度与宏观调查烈度比较分析

对西北强震动台网中心收集的2013年7月22日甘肃岷县-漳县M_S6.6地震117组三分向加速度记录进行处理和初步分析,计算出相应的仪器烈度值。将该值与岷县漳县地震烈度图（中国地震局,2013）中的烈度区值进行对比,偏差在1度以内的占台站总数的81.8%。将地震仪器烈度与强震台站周边5 km内调查点烈度对比分析,完全吻合的台站占50%,略低于芦山地震58.6%。灾害调查分析认为岷县-漳县地震灾区建筑以土木结构和木结构为主,在相同烈度情况下,破坏比例大于其他地区。因此,虽然仪器烈度与震后宏观调查烈度不能达到完全吻合,但前者在一定程度上反映了震害情况,可快速为应急救援决策提供依据。另外,震后宏观烈度资料是一定区域范围内的平均或延伸,而强震数据只是个别点上的数据,不能忽略两者之间的差异性。     

Pulse-like versus non-pulse-like ground motion records: Spectral shape comparisons and record selection strategies

Pulse-like records are well recognized for their potential to impose higher demands on structures when compared with ordinary records. The increased severity of the structural response usually caused by pulse-like records is commonly attributed to the spectral increment around the pulse period. By comparing the building response to sets of spectrally equivalent pulse-like and ordinary records, we show that there are characteristics of pulse-like records beyond the shape of the acceleration response spectrum that affect the results of nonlinear dynamic analysis. Nevertheless, spectral shape together with the ratio of pulse period to the first-mode structural period, T_p/T₁, are confirmed as “sufficient” predictors for deformation and acceleration response metrics in a building, conditioned on the seismic intensity. Furthermore, the average spectral acceleration over a period range, AvgSA, is shown to incorporate to a good proxy for spectral shape, and together with T_p/T₁, form an efficient and sufficient intensity measure for response prediction to pulse-like ground motions. Following this latter route, we propose a record selection scheme that maintains the consistency of T_p with the hazard of the site but uses AvgSA to account for the response sensitivity to spectral shape.     

利用近场强震记录反演2016年日本熊本县地震震源破裂过程

2016年4月15日16时25分（UTC）,日本熊本县发生M_W7.1强烈地震,给当地人员、建筑及经济造成严重灾难和巨大损失.日本地震观测网F-net给出的震源机制解显示此次地震的震源位置为130.7630°E,32.7545°N,深度12.45 km,节面Ⅰ：走向N131°E、倾角53°、滑动角-7°;节面Ⅱ：走向N226°E、倾角84°、滑动角-142°.与此同时,余震的震中分布及其震源机制结果显示主震的震源机制在破裂过程中有可能发生了变化,单一的震源机制不足以充分解释观测数据.本文依据GNSS和InSAR地表形变反演结果为约束,并结合活动构造资料为参考,构建了震源机制变化的有限断层模型,采用水平层状介质模型,利用日本强震观测台网K-NET和KiK-net的近场加速度观测记录,通过多时间窗线性波形反演方法反演了此次地震的震源破裂过程.研究结果显示,这是一次沿Futagawa-Hinagu断层带发生的右旋走滑破裂事件,发震断层分为南北两段,其中北段走向N235°E、倾角60°,南段走向N205°E、倾角72°,断层深度范围和余震深度分布基本一致,断层面上滑动主要集中于断层北段,最大滑动量约7.9 m,整个断层的破裂过程持续约18 s,释放地震矩5.47×10¹⁹ N·m（M_W7.1）.